viernes, 11 de noviembre de 2011
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http://aulosfera.blogspot.com/2011/11/esponjas-canales-y-puertos.html
Per chiantilesssa der mkptmk y de la muy... guay gueby gueb...
martes, 8 de noviembre de 2011
Argentinian research on human echolocation
http://translate.google.es/translate?sl=es&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=es&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icevi.org%2Fpublications%2Ficevix%2Fwshops%2F0002.html
This text is a english translation thru google translator from: http://www.icevi.org/publications/icevix/wshops/0002.html
This text is a english translation thru google translator from: http://www.icevi.org/publications/icevix/wshops/0002.html
Argentine Research on human echolocation
Arias, C., Ramos, OA; Ortiz Skarp, AH
Acoustic Research Centre and Lighting, CIAL. National University of Córdoba. Postal Agency No. 4. C. Universitaria.5000 Cordoba Argentina
Research Centre of the Faculty of Philosophy and Humanities, CIFFyH. National University of Córdoba.
Introduction
The person born or have a severe disability, is undergoing a painful life issues and complex. Visual impairment, for his profound connotations and implications, is one of the most destructuring and psychologically disabling effects that are evident in the area of mobility of the visually impaired person.
There are a variety of "electronic aids" to a blind person can navigate more easily in their daily lives. However, none has managed to replace or offer, the benefits are obtained from comprehensive systematic training of other's skills.
The research work we are doing since 1980 (Arias, 1996)-strongly interdisciplinary since 1991 - has been guided by the firm conviction that genuine development potential will effectuate the proper insertion of the visually impaired in society, from the perspective of a real correspondence between capabilities and opportunities.
Echolocation or perception of obstacles unaided vision, is such a genuine and untapped skills not surprising that one of the factors CONSTITUTE more important for the visually impaired person to achieve independent mobility and efficient.
In this presentation we briefly describe our work on human echolocation and describe some aspects of theoretical and methodological details of our new project, which aims to address auditory localization phase of virtual obstacles.
We hope that the progress and realize that we hope will serve to lay the foundations of a theoretical and practical training program in computer-aided echolocation, for the visually impaired (DV).
There are a variety of "electronic aids" to a blind person can navigate more easily in their daily lives. However, none has managed to replace or offer, the benefits are obtained from comprehensive systematic training of other's skills.
The research work we are doing since 1980 (Arias, 1996)-strongly interdisciplinary since 1991 - has been guided by the firm conviction that genuine development potential will effectuate the proper insertion of the visually impaired in society, from the perspective of a real correspondence between capabilities and opportunities.
Echolocation or perception of obstacles unaided vision, is such a genuine and untapped skills not surprising that one of the factors CONSTITUTE more important for the visually impaired person to achieve independent mobility and efficient.
In this presentation we briefly describe our work on human echolocation and describe some aspects of theoretical and methodological details of our new project, which aims to address auditory localization phase of virtual obstacles.
We hope that the progress and realize that we hope will serve to lay the foundations of a theoretical and practical training program in computer-aided echolocation, for the visually impaired (DV).
Echolocation
Echolocation is an active mode of perception that allows a kind of dialogue between the environment and the individual who, rather than responding with fixed schedules and automatic external stimulation seem spontaneous exercise control over their own behavior (Griffin, 1988). Strictly speaking it is defined as the ability to detect, discriminate and locate obstacles to process the information contained in the echoes produced when the subject self-generated sounds are reflected on the obstacles. By extension, it also speaks of echolocation when using electronic sounds and ambient sounds.The sounds generated by the subject are the direct signal while the echoes up the reflected signal, a paradigm of echolocation.
The entire process of perceiving auditory obstacle involves a first and indispensable object detection phase (there is "something" on the way), a phase of location (where it is and is perceived relative distance) and a phase of discrimination features to identify the physical barrier (known what that "something" detected and localized) Although little is known about it, we may assume various psychoacoustic mechanisms and psychoneurological identified in the 3 phases: a subcortical processing unconscious, seems to be involved in the first two. The last phase can only be achieved from the conscious cortical processing of information (Masterton, 1992).
We care to note that most of the DVs generated spontaneously and intuitively sounds, such as clicking with your fingers or tongue (impulse noise), hissing and knocking with his staff (noise), so focused and overcome obstacles in their way . They become thus generating activities and information processors.
This ability, especially in relation to the detection and location of obstacles, can be seen in any person with normal hearing in at least one ear that has been subjected to a brief but appropriate training.Individual differences among blind persons in relation to the ability of echolocation (also among subjects with normal vision) extend over a wide range, from an efficiency such that surprised the researchers (Rice, 1969; Kellogg, 1962) to almost complete dependence on total inefficiency and insecurity in walking.
The entire process of perceiving auditory obstacle involves a first and indispensable object detection phase (there is "something" on the way), a phase of location (where it is and is perceived relative distance) and a phase of discrimination features to identify the physical barrier (known what that "something" detected and localized) Although little is known about it, we may assume various psychoacoustic mechanisms and psychoneurological identified in the 3 phases: a subcortical processing unconscious, seems to be involved in the first two. The last phase can only be achieved from the conscious cortical processing of information (Masterton, 1992).
We care to note that most of the DVs generated spontaneously and intuitively sounds, such as clicking with your fingers or tongue (impulse noise), hissing and knocking with his staff (noise), so focused and overcome obstacles in their way . They become thus generating activities and information processors.
This ability, especially in relation to the detection and location of obstacles, can be seen in any person with normal hearing in at least one ear that has been subjected to a brief but appropriate training.Individual differences among blind persons in relation to the ability of echolocation (also among subjects with normal vision) extend over a wide range, from an efficiency such that surprised the researchers (Rice, 1969; Kellogg, 1962) to almost complete dependence on total inefficiency and insecurity in walking.
Previous work on human echolocation
The echolocation research on national and international human are very rare and discontinuous.
Scientific experimentation in this field dates back to 1900, although by mid-1700 Diderot wrote about the "amazing" ability observed in some blind people to perceive and overcome obstacles.
In the 40's, from the rigorous and ingenious studies by Dallenbach group and collaborators at Cornell University, one of whom, Michael Supa, was blind, was able to elucidate important aspects: the sensory hearing is the basis of echolocation and the change in the pitch of the sounds is necessary and sufficient condition to detect and locate nearby obstacles (Dallenbach et al., 1944; Cotzin et al., 1950). Also dating from this decade the first formal relations were established between the animal echolocation-field of study in which significant progress has been made (Nachtigall et al., 1988) - and human echolocation.
Further research including highlights Kellogg (op.cit.), Rice (1967b) and Kohler (1964) studied the discriminatory power of this skill. They noted that the subject both blind and sighted, accurate distance judgments made, size and material, and even managed to discriminate triangular, square and circular obstacles with the same surface.
Have described two basic and complementary mechanisms of echolocation supported on different psychoacoustic (Bilsen, 1980, Schenkman, 1985). The first mode-echolocation at far distances (between 2 / 3 m to 5 m between subject and obstacle) - is involved mainly in the detection phase and location of the obstacle.Information on presence of the obstacle is given by the presence of echo while its position and distance are extracted from the temporomandibular key spatial imaging. The second mode, the echolocation at close distances (less than 2 / 3 m between the subject and the obstacle), is involved in the phases of detection, localization and discrimination of obstacles. The direct and reflected signals are not perceived as separate, under certain conditions the auditory system combines both signals and processes them as one.The person perceives a change or shift the pitch of the direct signal or perceive that noise, if you use these guiding signals, acquires some characteristic tonal (pitch perceptual phenomenon called repetition, (repetition pitch)). The presence of the obstacle is determined by the presence or change of tonality of the direct signal while the information about position, distance and characteristics is contained in the spectral and spatial key vibrational pattern that results from the interference of the direct signal with the signal reflected (Bassett et al, 1964).
Scientific experimentation in this field dates back to 1900, although by mid-1700 Diderot wrote about the "amazing" ability observed in some blind people to perceive and overcome obstacles.
In the 40's, from the rigorous and ingenious studies by Dallenbach group and collaborators at Cornell University, one of whom, Michael Supa, was blind, was able to elucidate important aspects: the sensory hearing is the basis of echolocation and the change in the pitch of the sounds is necessary and sufficient condition to detect and locate nearby obstacles (Dallenbach et al., 1944; Cotzin et al., 1950). Also dating from this decade the first formal relations were established between the animal echolocation-field of study in which significant progress has been made (Nachtigall et al., 1988) - and human echolocation.
Further research including highlights Kellogg (op.cit.), Rice (1967b) and Kohler (1964) studied the discriminatory power of this skill. They noted that the subject both blind and sighted, accurate distance judgments made, size and material, and even managed to discriminate triangular, square and circular obstacles with the same surface.
Have described two basic and complementary mechanisms of echolocation supported on different psychoacoustic (Bilsen, 1980, Schenkman, 1985). The first mode-echolocation at far distances (between 2 / 3 m to 5 m between subject and obstacle) - is involved mainly in the detection phase and location of the obstacle.Information on presence of the obstacle is given by the presence of echo while its position and distance are extracted from the temporomandibular key spatial imaging. The second mode, the echolocation at close distances (less than 2 / 3 m between the subject and the obstacle), is involved in the phases of detection, localization and discrimination of obstacles. The direct and reflected signals are not perceived as separate, under certain conditions the auditory system combines both signals and processes them as one.The person perceives a change or shift the pitch of the direct signal or perceive that noise, if you use these guiding signals, acquires some characteristic tonal (pitch perceptual phenomenon called repetition, (repetition pitch)). The presence of the obstacle is determined by the presence or change of tonality of the direct signal while the information about position, distance and characteristics is contained in the spectral and spatial key vibrational pattern that results from the interference of the direct signal with the signal reflected (Bassett et al, 1964).
Sensory compensation
It has been held since ancient times, the lack or loss of vision caused an extraordinary development of other senses especially touch and hearing. A variant of this hypothesis suggests that there are fundamental differences in the ability of the remaining senses as a result of cortical reorganization during compensation. Another model holds that sensory compensation may be strategic rather than structural: the differences between blind subjects and sighted due to attentional effects and effects of training (Miller, 1992).
The sensory compensation hypothesis has led to numerous studies with controversial results. It could be shown that, in general, both groups similarly yielded a considerable number of tasks. However, blind subjects performed better on auditory localization (Rice, Schenkman, ops. Cit.) And auditory integration processes (Starlinger et al., 1981a, Niemeyer et al., 1981b; Arias et al., 1993b). Performed worse than subjects with normal vision in trial testing and maintenance of rhythm (Stankov et al., 1978; Juurmaa, 1967).
The sensory compensation hypothesis has led to numerous studies with controversial results. It could be shown that, in general, both groups similarly yielded a considerable number of tasks. However, blind subjects performed better on auditory localization (Rice, Schenkman, ops. Cit.) And auditory integration processes (Starlinger et al., 1981a, Niemeyer et al., 1981b; Arias et al., 1993b). Performed worse than subjects with normal vision in trial testing and maintenance of rhythm (Stankov et al., 1978; Juurmaa, 1967).
Stages fulfilled
We will seek, in the beginning of our research work, to study cognitive processes perceptual. We construct two sound problems as a special technique, using an artificial head space to play sound effects (Arias de Miranda, 1984, 1985). We manage 35 people problems DVs. Later (Arias de Miranda, 1987), we built another 4 problems and 4 sound problems tactile (haptic) with increasing difficulty, to study spontaneous learning and the effect of mode of presentation on performance in problem solving. Individually manage the 8 problems 40 adults and 32 children and adolescents DVs.
We interpret the results of both studies in support of previous findings that point for the potential utility of this technique as a valid tool for the training of cognitive skills.
Later, some of the controversial results of studies on sensory compensation motivated us to perform three new works. The first was to replicate an experiment on personnel tempo (Rimoldi et al., 1961) to analyze the performance of the subjects while performing a tracking task spontaneous rhythm (Arias, 1993a). Thirty DVs, 15 adults and 15 children and adolescents resolved the test.
Our results indicated for very consistent temporal factors adopted by the subjects when performing a task and run counter to the conclusions of some researchers in relation to a poorer performance observed in blind subjects, relative to subjects with normal vision in tasks similar (Stankov. et al; Juurmaa, ops. cit.).
The second work done, was to administer a test of skill in nonverbal acoustic material structure, a group of DVs formed by 22 adults, 16 adolescents and 13 children. In general, subjects used the strategy of passive recognition to solve the test items, similar to how some subjects proceeded with normal vision and without musical training who participated in another local study we conducted with common high school students (Arias and Biassoni, 1992).
The aim of the third study (Arias et al., 1993b), was to evaluate the peripheral and central auditory functioning responses evoked by stimuli including echolocation, a group of 8 subjects' good Ecoloc "and a control group of 8 subjects with normal vision.
We obtained evidence of better performance of blind subjects in relation to their peers with normal vision in several peripheral and central auditory tests administered, in agreement with previous findings. The results obtained in evoked potentials seem to indicate, first, that the echolocation signals are processed at low levels of the auditory pathway in the superior olivary complex of the pons. On the other, that the improvement observed by Starlinger et al. (Op.cit.) Late evoked potentials in congenitally blind subjects, already evident at the inferior colliculus of the midbrain.
We also conducted in our laboratory anechoic chamber with 6 subjects DVs "good detectors," a classic experiment of detection (presence / absence), location (position) and discrimination of characteristics (shape, size and material) of obstacles (Arias , 1987).Our results strongly agreed with those reported in previous experiments (Kellogg, Kohler, Rice, Hausfeld et al., 1982, Schenkman, ops. Cit): it was easier to detect the presence / absence of whites that their characteristics, size being the most easiest and the hardest way. We want to emphasize that in no case we observed erratic behavior in the participants, by contrast, emit sounds, movements performed "scanning" (head turn right / left) and listened carefully to the sound changes that were happening, and then respond.
We interpret the results of both studies in support of previous findings that point for the potential utility of this technique as a valid tool for the training of cognitive skills.
Later, some of the controversial results of studies on sensory compensation motivated us to perform three new works. The first was to replicate an experiment on personnel tempo (Rimoldi et al., 1961) to analyze the performance of the subjects while performing a tracking task spontaneous rhythm (Arias, 1993a). Thirty DVs, 15 adults and 15 children and adolescents resolved the test.
Our results indicated for very consistent temporal factors adopted by the subjects when performing a task and run counter to the conclusions of some researchers in relation to a poorer performance observed in blind subjects, relative to subjects with normal vision in tasks similar (Stankov. et al; Juurmaa, ops. cit.).
The second work done, was to administer a test of skill in nonverbal acoustic material structure, a group of DVs formed by 22 adults, 16 adolescents and 13 children. In general, subjects used the strategy of passive recognition to solve the test items, similar to how some subjects proceeded with normal vision and without musical training who participated in another local study we conducted with common high school students (Arias and Biassoni, 1992).
The aim of the third study (Arias et al., 1993b), was to evaluate the peripheral and central auditory functioning responses evoked by stimuli including echolocation, a group of 8 subjects' good Ecoloc "and a control group of 8 subjects with normal vision.
We obtained evidence of better performance of blind subjects in relation to their peers with normal vision in several peripheral and central auditory tests administered, in agreement with previous findings. The results obtained in evoked potentials seem to indicate, first, that the echolocation signals are processed at low levels of the auditory pathway in the superior olivary complex of the pons. On the other, that the improvement observed by Starlinger et al. (Op.cit.) Late evoked potentials in congenitally blind subjects, already evident at the inferior colliculus of the midbrain.
We also conducted in our laboratory anechoic chamber with 6 subjects DVs "good detectors," a classic experiment of detection (presence / absence), location (position) and discrimination of characteristics (shape, size and material) of obstacles (Arias , 1987).Our results strongly agreed with those reported in previous experiments (Kellogg, Kohler, Rice, Hausfeld et al., 1982, Schenkman, ops. Cit): it was easier to detect the presence / absence of whites that their characteristics, size being the most easiest and the hardest way. We want to emphasize that in no case we observed erratic behavior in the participants, by contrast, emit sounds, movements performed "scanning" (head turn right / left) and listened carefully to the sound changes that were happening, and then respond.
New findings in neurophysiology of hearing
The auditory central nervous system of mammals contains a large number of subcortical auditory nuclei, far from mere relay stations as previously argued, have key roles in the processing of sound information. It seems that the auditory cortex is not necessary to discriminate the physical attributes of sound, just the intensity, pitch, timbre, duration. It is the ear which is responsible for analyzing and encoding, while the attributes of the sound source: the azimuth, elevation, distance and nature-guiding properties of the animal action in the environment rather than the sound in themselves, are analyzed coded and the superior olivary complex (Masterton, op.cit.).
The beeper
Man's ability to locate sound sources is very accurate even in adverse situations (eg, with only one ear). It refers to the perception of source position in the horizontal plane (azimuth) and vertical (elevation) and discrimination of the relative distance between subject and sound source. The man is very good locations in the horizontal plane, the less efficient in the vertical plane and distance judgments are poor (Moore, 1977).
The main key to determine the position of a sound source are interaural differences in arrival time of sound at the two ears, interaural differences in sound intensity and total filtering effect caused by the interaction of sound with folds of the pinna, head, torso and shoulders.
In sound localization experiments, the stimuli are presented under two conditions: through a set of loudspeakers arranged in a particular spatial arrangement (free field). The second condition involves the presentation of the sounds through headphones with the undeniable advantage of being able to exercise strict control of the stimulus. Its disadvantage is that the sounds are heard as if it originated in the head. The classic studies with headphones, also called for that reason, studies of "lateralization" or "location within the head," did not consider the effect of filtering. In the 70's pioneering work was done that could be a realistic perception of auditory space. In the late 80's, Wightman and Kistler (1989b) developed a procedure to locate virtual sound sources using headphones with the same precision with which real sound sources are located. These studies have led to devices called "virtual reality" that are being developed in this decade. They are potentially useful tools to investigate perceptual processes huge engines and for training of disabled people.
The main key to determine the position of a sound source are interaural differences in arrival time of sound at the two ears, interaural differences in sound intensity and total filtering effect caused by the interaction of sound with folds of the pinna, head, torso and shoulders.
In sound localization experiments, the stimuli are presented under two conditions: through a set of loudspeakers arranged in a particular spatial arrangement (free field). The second condition involves the presentation of the sounds through headphones with the undeniable advantage of being able to exercise strict control of the stimulus. Its disadvantage is that the sounds are heard as if it originated in the head. The classic studies with headphones, also called for that reason, studies of "lateralization" or "location within the head," did not consider the effect of filtering. In the 70's pioneering work was done that could be a realistic perception of auditory space. In the late 80's, Wightman and Kistler (1989b) developed a procedure to locate virtual sound sources using headphones with the same precision with which real sound sources are located. These studies have led to devices called "virtual reality" that are being developed in this decade. They are potentially useful tools to investigate perceptual processes huge engines and for training of disabled people.
Sound localization studies in blind subjects
As already noted, in a paradigm of echolocation sounds generated by the subject are the direct signal and the echoes, the reflected signal.That is, the primary sound source is located in the subject itself and the obstacle that generates reflection behaves as secondary sound source.
In the literature, location sound and location of obstacles are taken as synonyms. But strictly speaking, the first process is involved in only one phase of echolocation, that is, when are discriminated obstacle position (azimuth and elevation) and their relative distance (phase tracking). In a real situation, a person can detect DV "something" on her way though I can not clarify its position, distance or nature. It is frequently observed that a "good Ecoloc" blind bypasses some obstacles without consciously realizing it.
Been little research reported in blind subjects on location of sounds presented via loudspeakers or headphones (Starlinger et al., Niemeyer et al., Ops. Cit.). In most studies described echolocation, we study the localization phase of real obstacles (Rice, 1969, Clarke et al., 1975, Strelow et al., 1982, Schenkman, 1985). For example, in a classic study which used a special device (Rice, op. Cit.), The task to be performed by the subject was to point the nose to where he judged that he was the center of the target. It was noted that early-blind individuals whose returns were higher than the performance of both late blind subjects and subjects with normal vision-emitted one or two clicks with the language that allowed a single "ear out" (auditory glance) to obtain accurate information about the presence and location of targets.
In the literature, location sound and location of obstacles are taken as synonyms. But strictly speaking, the first process is involved in only one phase of echolocation, that is, when are discriminated obstacle position (azimuth and elevation) and their relative distance (phase tracking). In a real situation, a person can detect DV "something" on her way though I can not clarify its position, distance or nature. It is frequently observed that a "good Ecoloc" blind bypasses some obstacles without consciously realizing it.
Been little research reported in blind subjects on location of sounds presented via loudspeakers or headphones (Starlinger et al., Niemeyer et al., Ops. Cit.). In most studies described echolocation, we study the localization phase of real obstacles (Rice, 1969, Clarke et al., 1975, Strelow et al., 1982, Schenkman, 1985). For example, in a classic study which used a special device (Rice, op. Cit.), The task to be performed by the subject was to point the nose to where he judged that he was the center of the target. It was noted that early-blind individuals whose returns were higher than the performance of both late blind subjects and subjects with normal vision-emitted one or two clicks with the language that allowed a single "ear out" (auditory glance) to obtain accurate information about the presence and location of targets.
The system Rousettus
From the 91-to materialize the interdisciplinary team and subsidies for our developments, so far, we have forced into complete PC-based system, which we called Rousettus (the only genre Megachiroptera using echolocation to fly and feed, although much less efficiently than Microchiroptera).
Rousettus System Module consists of Simulator to emulate Obstacles "white ghost", the module that enables EcoTest build and administer tests and psychoacoustic module specifically designed Evoked Response in late stages of which we are still working, which will allow psychoneurological aspect of studying the echolocation and, among other applications, assess auditory functioning multi-disabled.
EcoTest design with a series of tests in order psychoacoustic study the echolocation mode at near distances, and the phenomenon of "facial vision" (Arias and Ramos, in press; Ramos and Arias, in press). To do this, we analyze the performance of subjects in detection and discrimination tasks of the pitch of repetition using echolocation signals as sound stimuli. Administer the tests to 30 subjects with normal hearing and vision, with and without musical training. A person 50 years of age, blind since adolescence, also met the test battery constructed.
The results indicated that musical training did not influence test performance, which would aim for a hearing "privileged" is not a necessary condition for Ecoloc. Also, that subjects actually perceive the pitch of repetition when they are stimulated with echolocation signals. In addition, signals were more effective noise signals in all tests clicks. The most relevant performance blind subject, in our opinion, it was the mating test the pitch of echolocation signals. He was the only subject without musical training who committed only 4 errors out of 16 trials. We want to stress that he never showed an erratic or confused when they solved this test, however, their mode of response could be explained in light of the concept of "auditory gestalt" (Terthardt, 1974).
Our aim with our new project is in Rousettus implentar, using advanced signal processing techniques involving the listening with headphones (Wightman et al., Ops. Cit.), The auditory spatial location phase of virtual obstacles. Acoustically validate the procedure used with a head-torso-art artificial. Additionally, the psycho validate the above procedure, through testing virtual sound source localization specially built, which will resolve occluded subjects with normal vision and blind subjects.
In short, once perfected the system will be in optimal conditions Rousettus to address the process of fully human echolocation in terms of both acoustic and psychoacoustic and psychoneurological.Projects designed echolocation critical experiments using virtual obstacles (Obstacles Simulator Module) to obtain subjective responses is, judgments about detection, discrimination and location of obstacles (EcoTest) simultaneously with objective responses (Evoked Response Module).
We strengthened our conviction that they are on a path of large and complex but promising approach and accept the commitment involved in our country have opened a line of research strongly interdisciplinary background which will correspond to the UBA Mouchet in 1938 and Fuchs, Foschi and White UNC in 1968.BIBLIOGRAPHY
Rousettus System Module consists of Simulator to emulate Obstacles "white ghost", the module that enables EcoTest build and administer tests and psychoacoustic module specifically designed Evoked Response in late stages of which we are still working, which will allow psychoneurological aspect of studying the echolocation and, among other applications, assess auditory functioning multi-disabled.
EcoTest design with a series of tests in order psychoacoustic study the echolocation mode at near distances, and the phenomenon of "facial vision" (Arias and Ramos, in press; Ramos and Arias, in press). To do this, we analyze the performance of subjects in detection and discrimination tasks of the pitch of repetition using echolocation signals as sound stimuli. Administer the tests to 30 subjects with normal hearing and vision, with and without musical training. A person 50 years of age, blind since adolescence, also met the test battery constructed.
The results indicated that musical training did not influence test performance, which would aim for a hearing "privileged" is not a necessary condition for Ecoloc. Also, that subjects actually perceive the pitch of repetition when they are stimulated with echolocation signals. In addition, signals were more effective noise signals in all tests clicks. The most relevant performance blind subject, in our opinion, it was the mating test the pitch of echolocation signals. He was the only subject without musical training who committed only 4 errors out of 16 trials. We want to stress that he never showed an erratic or confused when they solved this test, however, their mode of response could be explained in light of the concept of "auditory gestalt" (Terthardt, 1974).
Our aim with our new project is in Rousettus implentar, using advanced signal processing techniques involving the listening with headphones (Wightman et al., Ops. Cit.), The auditory spatial location phase of virtual obstacles. Acoustically validate the procedure used with a head-torso-art artificial. Additionally, the psycho validate the above procedure, through testing virtual sound source localization specially built, which will resolve occluded subjects with normal vision and blind subjects.
In short, once perfected the system will be in optimal conditions Rousettus to address the process of fully human echolocation in terms of both acoustic and psychoacoustic and psychoneurological.Projects designed echolocation critical experiments using virtual obstacles (Obstacles Simulator Module) to obtain subjective responses is, judgments about detection, discrimination and location of obstacles (EcoTest) simultaneously with objective responses (Evoked Response Module).
We strengthened our conviction that they are on a path of large and complex but promising approach and accept the commitment involved in our country have opened a line of research strongly interdisciplinary background which will correspond to the UBA Mouchet in 1938 and Fuchs, Foschi and White UNC in 1968.BIBLIOGRAPHY
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RAMOS, OA ARIAS, C. (In press). Human echolocation: the EcoTest. Applied Acoustics
Rimoldi, HJA; CABANSKI, S. (1961). Temporal organization of Behavior. The Journal of Psychology, 51, 383-391.
Schenkman, B. (1985) Human echolocation: the detection of objects by the blind. Doctoral Dissertation. Acta Universitatis upsaliensis.Uppsala.
Stankov, L.; SPILSBURG, G. (1978). The Measurement of auditory Abilities of Blind, Partially sighted and sighted children. Applied Psychological Measurements, 2, (4), 491-503.
STARLINGER, I. NIEMEYER, W. (1981a). Do the blind hear better?Investigations on auditory processing in congenital or early Acquired blindness. I. Peripheral functions. Audiology, 20, 503-509.
Strelow, ER; BRABYN, JA (1982). Locomotion of the blind controlled by natural sound cues. Perception, 11, 635-640.
Terhardt, E. (1974). Pitch, consonace and harmony. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 55, 1061-1069
Wightman FL, Kistler DJ (1989a). Headphone simulation of free field listening. I: stimulus synthesis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 85, 2, 858-886.
Wightman FL, Kistler DJ (1989b). Headphone simulation of free-field listening. II: psychophysical validation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 85, 2, 868-878.
Noosphere is Nested Withing Sensosphere
This withing, so much musical one, is merely of what we are talking, and fixing.
When 1001 biologist recorded thru three intensive yrs of study, suficient material for 1.001 articles in science terms, they are only taken to, one among quasi infinite, possibilities, taken to one discrete field of reality, field of the inconmensurable sensosphere, maybe o,oo8 ppm, of 0,008 of ppm, maybe; someone wrote in some email that we, biologicaly, catch something one trillion of bits per second, by moment, not try to multiplifying (seconds...s....ss.....); This text is a text, an patriarcaly ordered test by which encapusalute, a minor mirorring piece of reality, in order of easy the questions of communications, in that way, millions of variants of the type ("humus sapiens verbal language")), have been succesfully experienced during millenia, before, and within, the written, suspecticiously, and endangering, too very resistor within inmigrant digital ones, eah day lesser and lesser, as indigo humannity is comming and increasing miomass, of recent quantum minmded humanity at such any ratio, that would be enough, efh, effffffhhh,,,,,
tu put, the day after the ii ii ll, the aulas now jaulas, no tan tiesas, sino un poco mas hilvanadas, spaguettis bolognesa (see google) mas circulares, pues en los Liondon, ya lo hacen a diario en las no ya yaulas, sino aulas, de auuuullllar, cada cual que juntos cantamos y hacemos todo mejor, mas barato, mas eficiente, y mas facil, easylience at the hand....
Next moon, ii ii uu, we should enjoy together the "saludo a la lunita",
ayyyyy
cuando veas
a la luniiiiita
cántaaaaale aaarrrrrrrggo plisssssssss sssssssssshhhhhhhhi sí que si que si ,
shikillo, que le digas que te dijeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
que las kiero, con joorrooooooooorrrrrr
y asi tos esa tarde noche y aamncere nois veremos las caritas en tu carita lunera luna presiosssa
que estas tan bonita tras la ducha del veroñooooooooooooooooooooo
que tu.... esooooooo, tan bonito.......
reliuce como un membrillo semiveeeeeeeeeeeeeerde,
una luna llleeeeeeeeeena
besitos
If noosphere is a subset of sensosphere,
that is so prolijaly accesible via gugel
we can measure and enjoying, respectively, the measures of the wide of the cultural gibraltar straights, for example, according scientific papers writen at both orillas,
with michle serres the same,
we take eny test about any speciality
and we try to connect within the minimum comun multiplo de aquell
subconjunto de terminos, equis, osho por esemplo...
con ocho termino, conectar dos papers scientific from internet,
for example, one of shogo my brother,
and this one about echolocation in argentinian:
http://www.icevi.org/publications/icevix/wshops/0002.html SPANISH
http://translate.google.es/translate?sl=es&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=es&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icevi.org%2Fpublications%2Ficevix%2Fwshops%2F0002.html INGLISH
We play, now, thus connecting the semantic territories of both articles, very easy to describe and quantifyiing, across all the thecniques (still virgin for that) developed so so so generously, across all the ecological and sientific methods. island biogeography, implied, autopoieticaly, across our own wrting experiences, for example, centering the subject, as active agent active transmiter aware of their role in that role playing called living together. In the moment yu zink dat yu are not only a brain, but all the humannity brains connected by our everyday living, across a milenary experience, yu ar not alone, "yu are connected, with who yu ar connected"
The testts are so alive as the people that flowing from their brains and bodies, and joint experiences, poroduce like a species of nectar, in the form of a nice paper, or what any other form of expression,
Tests, as the populitiians (now folk-popopulityks) discurses and dewaters,
can be concienzudamente analised with ecological methods, as diversity, is a general concept and instintive one in our common (within sensosphere) lives
Take a term, for example, sostenibilidad, and you count the island biogeography of this terms, within the real politics of the people that now, try to following to llevar las riendas de nuestras vidas.
Y esas marionetas mayores, del teatrillo de michel serres (paso noroeste), esos populiticos de trapo, que se creaian a salvo de sus desmanes, por sierto creer como la funcion autopietica y geologica de depositar lenguajeando juntos cosas que decimos, no importa que despues no las hagamos, que siempre hay tiempo,
creer es a crear, como un sedimento de pizarra es a un manojo de arcilla,
cuando la palabra, mantra se repite una y otra vez, con total independencia del grado de atencion que se le preste, resulta una osificación, de una parte de rtu sensosfera, llamada, cada pieza, una pareidolia.
vivir es por defecto crear, y todo lo que creamos lluueve sobre mojado pues estamos añadiendo quizas cero parteava pare del infinito a la recreatividad de la que hace gala gaya toda ellas cada atardecer y amanecer,
Todas las formulas magistrales cientificas, son lenguajeares de la deriva natural de la naturaleza, ecobrain, sensosfera, donde estamos sumergidos, y que la antenita llamad cerebro de humus sapiens las traduce a otra lengua, la lengua cientifica, que nacio, de hecho, para tratar de describir la naturaleza,
Pues esa natura descrita por nuestros olvidados 1001 bichologos selvaticos three years, across the ever experienced selva from the bodies of our bichologists, es como dos libros, o mejor un libro y una libretilla, como esas de telefono chikitillas... La natura envoltura naturenvoltura, es sin como, el libro de la bida, todo el de lujo, tío, a tu alcance total, y cuando puedas mirar. Un achitillo minimo de atencion te aporta innumerables sensaciones que tu encarchutas en una sabia (por saboreada) sentencia. Un LTP. Ella es con los debidos respetos (repetir espetos) infinita, o infinital. cuanto mas la miras, mas abiertamente se te expresa, pues son tantos los rincones de su cuerpo, o flesh, que el aburrimiento se convierte en placer de diosas, es como si se pudiera estar siempre desnudando delante de tuya, y siempre cada vez más esplendorosa. Esa esperiencia no hay quien se la quite a los violocos, pues la han vivido, y por tanto la han saboreado, y por tanto han sabido, difubndir en revistas cientificas, ahora ya en un lenguaje equis, que como un acordeon, o ciclo autopietico de nietszche, te revuelve dentro de ti, cuando lees con gustos tus escritos de antes (de anteayer), revives transversalemnte las experiencias ahí evocadas, en el lenguaje que sean, pues es la articulacion de tus palabras, esa musica, esa autoetnografia, esa arquitectura pensante y pensable y escribible, esas olas, ese ir y venir, pero siempre nunca exactamente por el mismo camino, asi el universo se le mostro entero a pesooa, aunque su d ene i nunca saliera de lisboa
http://www.google.es/#rlz=1C2CHIK_esES406ES456&hl=es&source=hp&q=noosphere+is+nested+within+sensosphere&gbv=2&oq=noosphere+is+nested+within+sensosphere&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=537872l546287l0l547759l38l38l0l33l33l0l199l766l0.5l5l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=6eea37761977c390&biw=711&bih=470
palabras clave: radical realistic optimism
When 1001 biologist recorded thru three intensive yrs of study, suficient material for 1.001 articles in science terms, they are only taken to, one among quasi infinite, possibilities, taken to one discrete field of reality, field of the inconmensurable sensosphere, maybe o,oo8 ppm, of 0,008 of ppm, maybe; someone wrote in some email that we, biologicaly, catch something one trillion of bits per second, by moment, not try to multiplifying (seconds...s....ss.....); This text is a text, an patriarcaly ordered test by which encapusalute, a minor mirorring piece of reality, in order of easy the questions of communications, in that way, millions of variants of the type ("humus sapiens verbal language")), have been succesfully experienced during millenia, before, and within, the written, suspecticiously, and endangering, too very resistor within inmigrant digital ones, eah day lesser and lesser, as indigo humannity is comming and increasing miomass, of recent quantum minmded humanity at such any ratio, that would be enough, efh, effffffhhh,,,,,
tu put, the day after the ii ii ll, the aulas now jaulas, no tan tiesas, sino un poco mas hilvanadas, spaguettis bolognesa (see google) mas circulares, pues en los Liondon, ya lo hacen a diario en las no ya yaulas, sino aulas, de auuuullllar, cada cual que juntos cantamos y hacemos todo mejor, mas barato, mas eficiente, y mas facil, easylience at the hand....
Next moon, ii ii uu, we should enjoy together the "saludo a la lunita",
ayyyyy
cuando veas
a la luniiiiita
cántaaaaale aaarrrrrrrggo plisssssssss sssssssssshhhhhhhhi sí que si que si ,
shikillo, que le digas que te dijeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
que las kiero, con joorrooooooooorrrrrr
y asi tos esa tarde noche y aamncere nois veremos las caritas en tu carita lunera luna presiosssa
que estas tan bonita tras la ducha del veroñooooooooooooooooooooo
que tu.... esooooooo, tan bonito.......
reliuce como un membrillo semiveeeeeeeeeeeeeerde,
una luna llleeeeeeeeeena
besitos
If noosphere is a subset of sensosphere,
that is so prolijaly accesible via gugel
we can measure and enjoying, respectively, the measures of the wide of the cultural gibraltar straights, for example, according scientific papers writen at both orillas,
with michle serres the same,
we take eny test about any speciality
and we try to connect within the minimum comun multiplo de aquell
subconjunto de terminos, equis, osho por esemplo...
con ocho termino, conectar dos papers scientific from internet,
for example, one of shogo my brother,
and this one about echolocation in argentinian:
http://www.icevi.org/publications/icevix/wshops/0002.html SPANISH
http://translate.google.es/translate?sl=es&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=es&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icevi.org%2Fpublications%2Ficevix%2Fwshops%2F0002.html INGLISH
We play, now, thus connecting the semantic territories of both articles, very easy to describe and quantifyiing, across all the thecniques (still virgin for that) developed so so so generously, across all the ecological and sientific methods. island biogeography, implied, autopoieticaly, across our own wrting experiences, for example, centering the subject, as active agent active transmiter aware of their role in that role playing called living together. In the moment yu zink dat yu are not only a brain, but all the humannity brains connected by our everyday living, across a milenary experience, yu ar not alone, "yu are connected, with who yu ar connected"
The testts are so alive as the people that flowing from their brains and bodies, and joint experiences, poroduce like a species of nectar, in the form of a nice paper, or what any other form of expression,
Tests, as the populitiians (now folk-popopulityks) discurses and dewaters,
can be concienzudamente analised with ecological methods, as diversity, is a general concept and instintive one in our common (within sensosphere) lives
Take a term, for example, sostenibilidad, and you count the island biogeography of this terms, within the real politics of the people that now, try to following to llevar las riendas de nuestras vidas.
Y esas marionetas mayores, del teatrillo de michel serres (paso noroeste), esos populiticos de trapo, que se creaian a salvo de sus desmanes, por sierto creer como la funcion autopietica y geologica de depositar lenguajeando juntos cosas que decimos, no importa que despues no las hagamos, que siempre hay tiempo,
creer es a crear, como un sedimento de pizarra es a un manojo de arcilla,
cuando la palabra, mantra se repite una y otra vez, con total independencia del grado de atencion que se le preste, resulta una osificación, de una parte de rtu sensosfera, llamada, cada pieza, una pareidolia.
vivir es por defecto crear, y todo lo que creamos lluueve sobre mojado pues estamos añadiendo quizas cero parteava pare del infinito a la recreatividad de la que hace gala gaya toda ellas cada atardecer y amanecer,
Todas las formulas magistrales cientificas, son lenguajeares de la deriva natural de la naturaleza, ecobrain, sensosfera, donde estamos sumergidos, y que la antenita llamad cerebro de humus sapiens las traduce a otra lengua, la lengua cientifica, que nacio, de hecho, para tratar de describir la naturaleza,
Pues esa natura descrita por nuestros olvidados 1001 bichologos selvaticos three years, across the ever experienced selva from the bodies of our bichologists, es como dos libros, o mejor un libro y una libretilla, como esas de telefono chikitillas... La natura envoltura naturenvoltura, es sin como, el libro de la bida, todo el de lujo, tío, a tu alcance total, y cuando puedas mirar. Un achitillo minimo de atencion te aporta innumerables sensaciones que tu encarchutas en una sabia (por saboreada) sentencia. Un LTP. Ella es con los debidos respetos (repetir espetos) infinita, o infinital. cuanto mas la miras, mas abiertamente se te expresa, pues son tantos los rincones de su cuerpo, o flesh, que el aburrimiento se convierte en placer de diosas, es como si se pudiera estar siempre desnudando delante de tuya, y siempre cada vez más esplendorosa. Esa esperiencia no hay quien se la quite a los violocos, pues la han vivido, y por tanto la han saboreado, y por tanto han sabido, difubndir en revistas cientificas, ahora ya en un lenguaje equis, que como un acordeon, o ciclo autopietico de nietszche, te revuelve dentro de ti, cuando lees con gustos tus escritos de antes (de anteayer), revives transversalemnte las experiencias ahí evocadas, en el lenguaje que sean, pues es la articulacion de tus palabras, esa musica, esa autoetnografia, esa arquitectura pensante y pensable y escribible, esas olas, ese ir y venir, pero siempre nunca exactamente por el mismo camino, asi el universo se le mostro entero a pesooa, aunque su d ene i nunca saliera de lisboa
http://www.google.es/#rlz=1C2CHIK_esES406ES456&hl=es&source=hp&q=noosphere+is+nested+within+sensosphere&gbv=2&oq=noosphere+is+nested+within+sensosphere&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=537872l546287l0l547759l38l38l0l33l33l0l199l766l0.5l5l0&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&fp=6eea37761977c390&biw=711&bih=470
palabras clave: radical realistic optimism
symbio diversity: Radical Realistic Optimism. NeuroPhenomenology ...
simbiodiversidad.blogspot.com/2011/.../radical-realistic-optimism.ht...14 Sep 2011 – In the learning of languages, etymologies facilitates the (historical) connections ... In a certain way, our own work and so multiple reflections, are nested inBiology + Shamanism, as these ..... after one century of Noosphere, "soft", incubation (After Pierce), was ..... Sensosphere is a Giant Quantum Tongue ...¿nos chorrea la brecha?: esos cuerpecillos que no les farte de ná
simbiodiversidad.blogspot.com/.../esos-cuerpecillos-que-no-les-farte-...7 Ago 2010 – The complex patterns of color and texture observed in Serratia rubidaea...... itself approximated by a nested multi-step process where each step ..... after one century of Noosphere, "soft", incubation (After Pierce), ...... Sensosphere is Fenomenal Gaya Untheory Language As phenomenology may be ...symbio diversity: Interview to Roger Penrose and human echolocation
simbiodiversidad.blogspot.com/.../interview-to-roger-penrose-and-hu...26 Mar 2010 – A medida que ested se va haciendo más consciente de estos ecos, ...One of the greatest thinkers in physics says the human brain—and the ...... New (for Science) Multipolar Abduction, after one century of Noosphere, "soft", incubation (After Pierce), was ..... Sensosphere is a Giant Quantum Tongue ...
Túuuuuu Wikipedia!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! despierta que "yo tambien soy murcielago" http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolocaci%C3%B3n
domingo, 6 de noviembre de 2011
Chimp, bonobo study sheds light on the social brain
http://bcrc.bio.umass.edu/courses/spring2011/biol/biol312section1/content/bonobo-emotions
I have often heard that humans are more closely related to the common chimpanzee than any other animal. A recent study led by James Rilling seems to have shown that, at least emotionally, humans have more in common with the other member of the Pan genus, the bonobo. An analysis of the brains and the behaviors of the two species brought Rilling to this conclusion. He claims that the parts of the brain in humans that control anxiety, empathy, and aggression are more similar to that of the bonobo than the chimpanzee.
Evolutionarily speaking, chimpanzees and bonobos are very closely related (they speciated about two million years ago), yet socially the two act in a very dissimilar manner. Bonobos are more anxious, socially tolerant, playful, sexual, and less aggressive than chimpanzees are. Using non-invasive neuro-scanning technology Rilling was able to compare the gray and white matters of the two monkeys. The results were conclusive with Rilling’s hypothesis, the bonobo have much more developed limbic systems than the chimps did. The limbic system is the “emotional” part of the brain, with components related to such feelings as empathy. Bonobos are actually capable of feeling remorse for their actions according to Rilling. We may still share more alleles with chimps than any other animal, but it is interesting that despite this there is an animal out there we can relate to more emotionally.
More Info gathered at http://www.wildbiology.com/research/Chimp_bonobo_study_sheds_light_on_th...
gegan's blog
I have often heard that humans are more closely related to the common chimpanzee than any other animal. A recent study led by James Rilling seems to have shown that, at least emotionally, humans have more in common with the other member of the Pan genus, the bonobo. An analysis of the brains and the behaviors of the two species brought Rilling to this conclusion. He claims that the parts of the brain in humans that control anxiety, empathy, and aggression are more similar to that of the bonobo than the chimpanzee.
Evolutionarily speaking, chimpanzees and bonobos are very closely related (they speciated about two million years ago), yet socially the two act in a very dissimilar manner. Bonobos are more anxious, socially tolerant, playful, sexual, and less aggressive than chimpanzees are. Using non-invasive neuro-scanning technology Rilling was able to compare the gray and white matters of the two monkeys. The results were conclusive with Rilling’s hypothesis, the bonobo have much more developed limbic systems than the chimps did. The limbic system is the “emotional” part of the brain, with components related to such feelings as empathy. Bonobos are actually capable of feeling remorse for their actions according to Rilling. We may still share more alleles with chimps than any other animal, but it is interesting that despite this there is an animal out there we can relate to more emotionally.
More Info gathered at http://www.wildbiology.com/research/Chimp_bonobo_study_sheds_light_on_th...
gegan's blog
Ralentizar videos de youtube
PARA, por EJEMPLO, PODER leer más tranquilamente, los subtitulos, si la conversacion, en inglés, va muy rápida....
http://es.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080607094242AAzGxhJ
Ralentizar Videos?
Vi en tu.tv un video que me gustaba, pero lo malo es que era demasiado rápido. Como quería ralentizarlo lo copie con el hypercam2 pero al reproducirlo en el VLC media player, no me funcionaba. Alguien que sepa algun metodo de ralentizar videos que esten en youtube o tu.tv o que los tenga grabados con la hypercam 2. Gracias
hace 3 años Notificar un abuso Información adicional
Beltran, puedo verlos con el media player, solo que nose donde ahi ke darle. Si me lo pudieras decir te lo agradecería.
hace 3 años
by Beltrann Miembro desde el
07 junio 2008
Puntos totales:
287 (Nivel 2)
Añadir contacto
Bloquear
Mejor respuesta - Elegida por el usuario que pregunta
Bueno lo que yo hago puede ser complicado para el que no tenga los programas que yo tengo...
para bajar videos del youtube rapidamente utilizo el realplayer...
para convertir el video bajado del youtube(.flv) a un archivo de windows media(.wmv) utilizo el Imtoo...
i para hacerlo lento utilizo el windows media player...
con todo esto es demaciado facil...
Saludos!!
http://es.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080607094242AAzGxhJ
Ralentizar Videos?
Vi en tu.tv un video que me gustaba, pero lo malo es que era demasiado rápido. Como quería ralentizarlo lo copie con el hypercam2 pero al reproducirlo en el VLC media player, no me funcionaba. Alguien que sepa algun metodo de ralentizar videos que esten en youtube o tu.tv o que los tenga grabados con la hypercam 2. Gracias
hace 3 años Notificar un abuso Información adicional
Beltran, puedo verlos con el media player, solo que nose donde ahi ke darle. Si me lo pudieras decir te lo agradecería.
hace 3 años
by Beltrann Miembro desde el
07 junio 2008
Puntos totales:
287 (Nivel 2)
Añadir contacto
Bloquear
Mejor respuesta - Elegida por el usuario que pregunta
Bueno lo que yo hago puede ser complicado para el que no tenga los programas que yo tengo...
para bajar videos del youtube rapidamente utilizo el realplayer...
para convertir el video bajado del youtube(.flv) a un archivo de windows media(.wmv) utilizo el Imtoo...
i para hacerlo lento utilizo el windows media player...
con todo esto es demaciado facil...
Saludos!!
De Una Vez Démosle La Vez a La realidad
así, con minusculas, inclusiva de todos nuestros avatares y experiencias cualsean, sumadas las de los paisajes que nos envuelven como un nido, que si en ese utero nuestra experiencia nace y surge, es que ese paisaje de la experiencia soy yo, no solo "también", ssino en primerisimo lugar, pues ese paisaje es regalado, nace contigo, y te acompaña toda tu vida, allá donde estés, el, en sus distintas formas colores y ritmos, está con tigo, te construye, te acaricia, a traves de la ecolocacion espontanea, que ni siquiera es una potencia, superpoder humano. La cuestión es darse cuenta. ¿Para Cuando Un programa de redes sobre en desde y con,
la e-colo-cación!!!
la realidad despega ante tí en cada instante, y se enseñorea, y le da igual que ni si quiera le eches cuenta, aunque sea un travieso rayito de sol que cuela raspando el teclado y hace que mis dedos bailen mucho más de lo que bailan. Poniendole como virtuales zancadillas al otro dedo, no sé, como es tan oblicuo, se cuela su sombre despiadada hacia la izquierda, ocupando, con solo levantar un poco el dedo, desde la tecla que acabas de pulsar, pues todo el teclado de derecha a izquierda y de derecha a izquierda; Y toda esa realidad fisica, infinita, que alimenta tu sentir continuamente, te hace automaticamente sentirte, un ser infinito, infinita y dinamicamente conectado con todo. Eres como el circulo inferior de un gran embudo que te envolviera tus trescientos sesenta grados de realidad, que te rodeo y envuelve, Al otro lado, estoes, más allá de tu piel, está toda la boca grande del embudo, abierta de par en par, así, tus puertas de la percepcion, a las peculiares caracteristicas que te toca vivir en este instante.....
La realidad tiene razon. Ideas, Acciones u experiencias, palabras. Tres niveles invclusivos, uno en otro, como un acordeon...Tres capas, a las que les prestamos, variable atencion. Las ideas son nubes que pasan. Las palabras son esas ideas cuando ademas llueven en forma liquida. Si las cubicamos congelamos en cubitos de hielo, las palabras, procedentes de nubecillas, que un día rozaron las antenas de equis, pues entonces ya son ideas concebidas y desarrolladas como conceptos...
la e-colo-cación!!!
la realidad despega ante tí en cada instante, y se enseñorea, y le da igual que ni si quiera le eches cuenta, aunque sea un travieso rayito de sol que cuela raspando el teclado y hace que mis dedos bailen mucho más de lo que bailan. Poniendole como virtuales zancadillas al otro dedo, no sé, como es tan oblicuo, se cuela su sombre despiadada hacia la izquierda, ocupando, con solo levantar un poco el dedo, desde la tecla que acabas de pulsar, pues todo el teclado de derecha a izquierda y de derecha a izquierda; Y toda esa realidad fisica, infinita, que alimenta tu sentir continuamente, te hace automaticamente sentirte, un ser infinito, infinita y dinamicamente conectado con todo. Eres como el circulo inferior de un gran embudo que te envolviera tus trescientos sesenta grados de realidad, que te rodeo y envuelve, Al otro lado, estoes, más allá de tu piel, está toda la boca grande del embudo, abierta de par en par, así, tus puertas de la percepcion, a las peculiares caracteristicas que te toca vivir en este instante.....
La realidad tiene razon. Ideas, Acciones u experiencias, palabras. Tres niveles invclusivos, uno en otro, como un acordeon...Tres capas, a las que les prestamos, variable atencion. Las ideas son nubes que pasan. Las palabras son esas ideas cuando ademas llueven en forma liquida. Si las cubicamos congelamos en cubitos de hielo, las palabras, procedentes de nubecillas, que un día rozaron las antenas de equis, pues entonces ya son ideas concebidas y desarrolladas como conceptos...
Mysticism, the Science that Injects Life with Peace and Joy
Mysticism, rightly understood, is the most universal and fundamental approach to achieving an integrated and fulfilling life. In a world that has made such remarkable scientific and material progress, the challenge before us, individually and collectively, is to make similarly spectacular progress in the spiritual sphere. Each of us is allotted a limited amount of time on earth. During this time we have a unique opportunity to investigate the purpose for which we were born and try to understand the meaning of life itself.
The desire to know and understand things seems to be innate in human beings. Scientists are engaged in this pursuit, but the tools they use are limited to those that are physical and intellectual. Over the years, saints and mystics have unraveled the mysteries of life and death and have discovered that complete understanding could only be gained at the spiritual level. Because the spiritual pursuit deals with realms of experience that ultimately transcend that which is physical and mental, it seems mysterious. That is why this approach came to be known as mysticism.
Mysticism, however, is a science that injects life with understanding, joy, peace, and love. It is a practical approach to living that enriches our inner life and enriches our relationships with others. The basic premise of mysticism is that each of us, in reality, is a soul inhabiting a physical body for a rather short period of time. It may be twenty, forty, sixty, eighty, or even a hundred years, but in the not too distant future, each of us will die and leave this world.
Where did our soul come from before we entered this world? Where will it go after we leave here? What is the purpose of this world, and of life itself? These questions are fundamental to understanding our human existence. The mystics are those enlightened individuals who have searched and found the answers to these questions. They tell us that the purpose of our life is to reunite our soul with its Creator, and they offer to teach us a method by which we can do so. Throughout the ages many methods have been taught to achieve this union, but in our contemporary world, we need an approach that takes into account the realities of modern life. Such an approach to mysticism offers unlimited opportunities for improving our lives and improving the lives of people throughout the globe.
The beginning of our soul’s journey is the contact with the Light and Sound of God. The Light and Sound current flows out from God, but it also flows back to God. We can catch this current at the point of the third or single eye. That is the connecting point between our soul in the body and the Light and Sound current emanating from the Creator. If we can concentrate our attention at that point, we can soar on it back through the higher regions of existence. The current will ultimately lead us to our primary Source, back to the Lord. The method is simple. As we gaze within, we transcend awareness of body-consciousness into realms of Light and Sound within. As we continue this process we will prove to ourselves that there is Light and Sound beyond, that we can exist separately from the physical body, and that there are higher realms of divine consciousness. The test is to prove it to ourselves. Those who spend time daily in this process have had success in proving the hypothesis that there is an existence beyond this world. Through meditation on the inner Light and Sound we can achieve the peace, harmony, love, and bliss that we so desperately seek, and we can be a part of an ever-increasing group of people who are spreading peace and human unity throughout the world.
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