sábado, 14 de junio de 2014

Teacher Blogger


The educated blogger: Using weblogs to promote literacy in the classroom D Huffaker - First Monday, 2004 - firstmonday.org ... The educated blogger: Using weblogs to promote literacy in the classroom by David Huffaker. ... with an online community — bloggers can comment and give feedback to other bloggers, and they can link to fellow bloggers, creating an ... Blogs can be an effective tool for teachers. ... Citado por 275 Artículos relacionados Las 28 versiones Citar Guardar Más http://scholar.google.es/scholar?start=20&q=bloggers+and+teachers&hl=es&as_sdt=0,5 [CITAS] Blogging and Blogspots: An Alternative Format for Encouraging Reflective Practice among Preservice Teachers. GM Stiler, T Philleo - Education, 2003 Citado por 158 Artículos relacionados Las 3 versiones Citar Guardar corban.edu [PDF] [PDF] Content delivery in the 'blogosphere' RE Ferdig, KD Trammell - The Journal, 2004 - defiant.corban.edu ... They can be used as a knowledge-management tool where teachers and students communicate with ... The blogger must then filter the results to post the "best of" content for readers. Through this process, bloggers are exposed to vast amounts of information on their given topic ... Citado por 389 Artículos relacionados Las 8 versiones Citar Guardar Más aogaku-daku.org [PDF] Teacher professional identity development with social networking technologies: learning reform through blogging AL Luehmann, L Tinelli - Educational Media International, 2008 - Taylor & Francis ... In order to understand how teachers capitalized on the social networking opportunities provided by the blog, we began by ... each post and comment; we also counted the number of times within a post that a blogger made explicit connections to other bloggers through the ... Citado por 47 Artículos relacionados Las 7 versiones Citar Guardar ed.gov [PDF] Teacher-Created, Teacher-Centered Weblogs: Perceptions and Practices. BB Ray, MM Hocutt - Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 2006 - ERIC ... of bloggers is unknown; recent statistics published by other researchers indicate the blogger community includes ... However, it is not known how many bloggers are K–12 educators. ... Identified blogs included only those created by K–12 inservice teachers in public schools in the ... Citado por 31 Artículos relacionados Las 6 versiones Citar Guardar editlib.org [PDF] Reflective practices among language arts teachers: The use of weblogs BB Ray, GA Coulter - Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher …, 2008 - editlib.org ... However, it is not known how many bloggers are K-12 educators. Therefore, we sought to conduct a census of Internet blogger sites to identify teacher- created, teacher-centered blogs, including those created by language arts teachers. ... Citado por 27 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar iteslj.org [HTML] [HTML] Creating a writing course utilizing class and student blogs A Johnson - The internet TESL journal, 2004 - iteslj.org ... not get into that topic but rather discuss creating blogs at 'Blogger' (located at www.blogger.com) in ... The ideas presented in this paper are intended for teachers that meet two conditions ... First, the teacher can obtain a computer lab with Internet access and each student will have a ... Citado por 78 Artículos relacionados Las 2 versiones Citar Guardar Más studyplace.org [PDF] Using blogging in support of teacher professional identity development: A case study AL Luehmann - The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2008 - Taylor & Francis ... in their support spiked my own interest in blogging as a potential learning tool for teachers and informed ... The personal blog allows each blogger to determine ... Lisbon, , Portugal View all references also argued that this integration of other's voices gives bloggers the opportunity to ... Citado por 60 Artículos relacionados Las 5 versiones Citar Guardar editlib.org [PDF] Pre-service English teachers and technology: a consideration of weblogs for the English classroom M Shoffner - Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher …, 2007 - editlib.org ... As practicing English teachers and edu-bloggers demonstrate, however, weblogs are present in English classrooms, making ... of the issues surrounding weblog use and analysis of current practitioner and edu-blogger weblogs, preservice English teachers have the ... Citado por 13 Artículos relacionados Las 7 versiones Citar Guardar newculturalfrontiers.org [PDF] [PDF] University of Rome “La Sapienza”-Italy E Toscano - 2010 - newculturalfrontiers.org ... opportunity for the development of one's individual personality; while in the second Momoyo Mitsuno, more specifically, investigates the use by teachers in Japan of blogs as tools of subjectification and construction of personal experiences. And, finally, a last contribution is by ... Artículos relacionados Las 3 versiones Citar Guardar Más [HTML] Reflection and the middle school blogger: Do blogs support reflective practices? BB Ray, MM Hocutt - Meridian: A Middle School Computer Technologies …, 2006 - ncsu.edu ... Three (3) Points : The educational blogger demonstrates an ability to reflect on his/her work. ... I frequently see teachers walking classes down the halls with the kids shouting, pushing and shoving, and not listening to anything the teacher says. ... Citado por 13 Artículos relacionados Las 2 versiones Citar Guardar Más socialstudies.org [PDF] [PDF] Privileges, privacy, and protection of youth bloggers in the social studies classroom IR Berson, MJ Berson - Social Education, 2006 - socialstudies.org ... Preparing Students for Safe Blogging Some teachers are embracing blogs as a learning tool.22 These teachers use the opportunity ... Just as you have First Amendment rights like other bloggers, you're also subject to all the same legal responsibilities. ... A blogger is responsible ... Citado por 14 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar Blending by blogging: Weblogs in blended learning initiatives JA Oravec - Journal of Educational Media, 2003 - Taylor & Francis ... Popular edublogs include http:// www.weblogg-ed.com (with a teacher as blogger) and Serious ... The weblog as a genre has evolved quite quickly since bloggers often exchange insights about ... add a description and their own critical commen- tary for their teachers and peers to ... Citado por 171 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar chu.edu.tw [PDF] [PDF] Using blogs in an EFL writing class WS Wu - meeting of the 2005 Conference and Workshop on …, 2005 - chu.edu.tw ... Right now the audblog telephone number is located in the United States, which means bloggers outside USA have to make an ... Study of Blog Use in an English Class First, since you can create more than one blog in blogger.com, it is recommended that teachers can set up a ... Citado por 51 Artículos relacionados Las 2 versiones Citar Guardar Más beespace.net [PDF] [PDF] Practice view: Blogs for language learning B Dieu - Tesol Essential Teacher, 2004 - beespace.net ... a clean, intuitive interface, I usually have my students set up accounts with Blogger (http://www.blogger.com/). ... Especially useful for novice bloggers are Weblogs for Use With EFL Classes (Campbell, 2003), Blogs for Learning English + Teaching ... Invite guests--teachers or ... Citado por 32 Artículos relacionados Citar Guardar Más You blog, we blog: A guide to how teacher-librarians can use weblogs to build communication and research skills TR Embrey - Teacher Librarian, 2002 - citeulike.org ... Teacher-librarians can use Weblogs (blogs) to build communication and research skills. ... Examples of and places to get blogging software that facilitate the creative process of publishing a blog are provided, along with some of the more popular Internet resources for bloggers. ... Citado por 61 Artículos relacionados Citar Guardar Más researchgate.net [PDF] [CITAS] Blogging for Informal Learning: Analyzing Bloggers' Perceptions Using Learning Perspective. Y Park, GM Heo, R Lee - Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 2011 Citado por 22 Artículos relacionados Las 9 versiones Citar Guardar [CITAS] Schools act against students for “flaming” teachers on blogs S Davie, WC Liaw - The Straits Times, 2005 Citado por 4 Artículos relacionados Citar Guardar ed.gov [PDF] [CITAS] Student Teachers Socialization Development by Teaching Blog: Reflections and Socialization Strategies. CM Chou - Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2011 Citado por 6 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar msu.edu [PDF] [PDF] Voice blog: An exploratory study of language learning YC Sun - Language Learning & Technology, 2009 - llt.msu.edu ... The blog included interfaces for both students and teachers. ... The space also included a personal calendar that enabled others to check not only how active the blogger was but also the archived titles of past blog entries (see Figure 2). Bloggers could find information in the ... Citado por 70 Artículos relacionados Las 7 versiones Citar Guardar Más New teacher identity and the edublogosphere: A multi-case study of first year teacher bloggers RL Payne - 2008 - trace.tennessee.edu Abstract New Internet and communication technologies (ICTs) facilitate collaboration and interaction among teachers. The increased presence of web-based tools in education settings prompted this qualitative inquiry. Widely available and inexpensive, these ... Citado por 2 Artículos relacionados Las 2 versiones Citar Guardar Más Weblog-based electronic portfolios for student teachers in Taiwan HH Chuang - Educational Technology Research and Development, 2010 - Springer ... to other bloggers or to other Internet resources create opportunities for involving bloggers in a ... This new WBEP platform was implemented and used by the participating student teachers starting in ... Results from the user evaluation of the Blogger ® system in terms of user interface ... Citado por 31 Artículos relacionados Las 10 versiones Citar Guardar izhakber.com [PDF] No we won't! Teachers' resistance to educational reform I Berkovich - Journal of Educational Administration, 2011 - emeraldinsight.com ... Bloggers are therefore often referred to as opinion leaders (Kavanaugh et al., 2006). ... Another blogger in the teachers' blog, Rachel, emphasizes that new wage agreement harms and humiliates her and her fellow teachers: ... Citado por 7 Artículos relacionados Las 6 versiones Citar Guardar 203.72.145.166 [PDF] [PDF] websites for the language teacher D Eastment - ELT Journal, 2005 - 203.72.145.166 ... and English-speaking academics in Japan, and EFL Geek, run by a Canadian blogger in Korea ... Free-ESL-Blogs.com hosts over 100 blogs from teachers and students around the world, listed ... Not for those with poor eyesight, though – why do so many bloggers choose to write in ... Citado por 4 Artículos relacionados Las 3 versiones Citar Guardar acm.org [HTML] [HTML] Feature: E-learning 2.0 S Downes - Elearn magazine, 2005 - elearnmag.acm.org ... something used by millions of people empowered by content creation tools such as Blogger and Wordpress. ... blogs were used for a wide variety of purposes in education; an educational bloggers' network formed and by this year thousands of teachers were encouraging ... Citado por 839 Artículos relacionados Las 10 versiones Citar Guardar Más eduscapes.com [PDF] [PDF] Blogs and blogging A Lamb, L Johnson - School library media activities monthly, 2006 - eduscapes.com ... Blogger - Class as a whole, Small groups, Individual students ... Are the bloggers writing for themselves or a particular audience? ... management strategies and "how to's" ❖ Teaching activity ideas ❖ Key issues in teaching and learning ❖ Tips for teachers ❖ Funny moments in ... Citado por 6 Artículos relacionados Citar Guardar Más editlib.org [PDF] Does blogging have a place in teacher education? Incorporating blogs and determining their effectiveness in PIHnet A Tan - Society for Information Technology & Teacher …, 2005 - editlib.org ... links to relevant websites, all of which are related to the blogger's life, work ... ideas online and share them with students, colleagues, or other likeminded bloggers (Glenn, 2003 ... teacher demographics and technology competence, as well as the reactions of teachers, mentors, and ... Citado por 4 Artículos relacionados Las 2 versiones Citar Guardar Seeking an online community for professional development discourse: a content analysis of teachers' blogs TG Pashnyak, VP Dennen - International Journal of Web Based …, 2009 - Inderscience ... most common post functions suggest that blogs provide the means for teachers to share ... world, but also engaging in some level of commentary or discourse with other bloggers. One blogger, writing under a pseudonym of elementaryhistoryteacher, comments on her on reasons ... Citado por 3 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar hypothetical-bias.net [PDF] 15 Economics blogs and economic education1 TC Haab, A Schiff, JC Whitehead - International handbook on …, 2012 - books.google.com ... Blogs can be used by teachers and professors as a “learning management system.” Ayres ... of advertising revenue as motivation for blogging, other potential revenue, blogger age, length ... Some bloggers choose to write less frequent but more lengthy posts, while others generate ... Citado por 2 Artículos relacionados Las 3 versiones Citar Guardar educause.edu [HTML] [HTML] Educational blogging S Downes - Educause review, 2004 - educause.edu ... Free software is a dead end." And although Movable Type recanted, many bloggers moved to an ... have done so, including Philip Greenspun, John Palfrey, and an anonymous blogger known only ... Despite the risks, teachers and students alike feel the benefits make blogging well ... Citado por 489 Artículos relacionados Las 5 versiones Citar Guardar

internet

http://scholar.google.es/scholar?hl=es&q=internet&btnG=&lr= [LIBRO] La vida en la pantalla: la construcción de la identidad en la era de Internet S Turkle, L Trafí - 1997 - revistas.uchile.cl ,. En este, su segundo libro. nos regala un paseo por las transformaciones internas de los sujetos que conviven en un mundo virtual. Más allá de un fenómeno sqcial. se ahonda en el individuo como un personaje, como un vicario que vive a través de una pantalla, que ... Citado por 564 Artículos relacionados Las 2 versiones Citar Guardar Más utpl.edu.ec [PDF] [PDF] Understanding the psychology of Internet behaviour virtual worlds, real lives AN Joinson - Revista iberoamericana de educación a distancia, 2003 - ried.utpl.edu.ec En el primer capítulo de este libro se hace una pequeña introducción a Internet ya las diferentes herramientas que contiene. Asimismo, se hace un recorrido por los distintos medios tecnológicos que han revolucionado, desde distintas perspectivas, el mundo de la ... Citado por 336 Artículos relacionados Las 17 versiones Citar Guardar Más intel.com [PDF] [PDF] Internet y la sociedad red M Castells - Lección inaugural del programa de doctorado sobre …, 2001 - engage.intel.com Internet es el tejido de nuestras vidas en este momento. No es futuro. Es presente. Internet es un medio para todo, que interactúa con el conjunto de la sociedad y, de hecho, a pesar de ser tan reciente, en su forma societal (aunque como sabemos, Internet se construye, ... Citado por 635 Artículos relacionados Las 31 versiones Citar Guardar Más unav.es [PDF] [LIBRO] Redacción periodística en Internet R Salaverría - 2005 - unav.es Si bien el ejercicio del periodismo digital en España no posee un eje neurálgico definido, la reflexión teórica y académica en torno a este nuevo periodismo está impregnada por diversos acentos del Norte: desde la obra pionera que en 1996 publican los profesores ... Citado por 273 Artículos relacionados Las 3 versiones Citar Guardar Más ucbscz.edu.bo [PDF] [CITAS] Redes globales de información con Internet y TCP/IP DE Comer, HAA Soto - 1996 - dspace.ucbscz.edu.bo 2.1 Introducción 17 2.2 Dos enfoques de la comunicación por red 18 2.3 Redes de área amplia y local 19 2.4 Tecnología Ethernet 20 2.5 Interconexión de datos distribuida por fibra (FDDI) ЪЪ 2.6 Modalidad de transferencia asincrona 36 2.7 Tecnología ARPANET 37 2.8 ... Citado por 120 Artículos relacionados Citar Guardar Más umaine.edu [DOC] [LIBRO] Mail and internet surveys: The tailored design method DA Dillman - 2000 - umaine.edu Travel time between orchards has prevented the availability of commercial scouting service in Maine. Making such service possible provides direct benefit to the growers involved. Estimated total cost to hire and transport a scout is about $6000 for the June–August ... Citado por 12936 Artículos relacionados Las 8 versiones Citar Guardar Más [LIBRO] Internet business models and strategies: Text and cases A Afuah, CL Tucci - 2000 - dl.acm.org Despite the Internet's phenomenal impact on business and its reach across all sectors, no model has emerged for thoughtfully valuing companies' Internet efforts. In addition, strategies for effectively competing in this environment are just beginning to materialize. ... Citado por 1453 Artículos relacionados Las 6 versiones Citar Guardar Más geocities.ws [PDF] [LIBRO] Internet: y después? D Wolton - 2000 - geocities.ws Todo el interés de la comunicación como estudio teórico, está en la mezcla de dos dimensiones: valores y resultados técnicos, ideales e intereses. En el imperio de Internet ya no se sabe bien cual es la premisa dominante. Desde mi punto de vista esta es la razón ... Citado por 355 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar Más [CITAS] Educación e Internet: la próxima revolución? JJ Brünner - 2003 - Fondo De Cultura Economica USA Citado por 176 Artículos relacionados Citar Guardar Más ens-lyon.fr [PDF] Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications I Stoica, R Morris, D Karger, MF Kaashoek… - ACM SIGCOMM …, 2001 - dl.acm.org Abstract A fundamental problem that confronts peer-to-peer applications is to efficiently locate the node that stores a particular data item. This paper presents Chord, a distributed lookup protocol that addresses this problem. Chord provides support for just one ... Citado por 11418 Artículos relacionados Las 423 versiones Citar Guardar Ciberpragmática: El uso del lenguaje en Internet F Yus - 2001 - digrid.allalla.com Earlier it was reported that the new submarines will be adopted and will replace the obsolete type Collins not before 2025 and will last at least until the year 2070. The regional Ministry of Finance of Germany expressed their dissatisfaction with the economic situation of Berlin ... Citado por 230 Artículos relacionados Las 2 versiones Citar Guardar Más [CITAS] Routing in the Internet C Huitema - 1999 - dl.acm.org Vladimir Marbukh, Stephan Klink, Decentralized control of large-scale networks as a game with local interactions: cross-layer TCP/IP optimization, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Performance evaluation methodologies and tools, October 22-27, 2007, ... Citado por 939 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar Más arxiv.org [PDF] Internet: Diameter of the world-wide web R Albert, H Jeong, AL Barabási - Nature, 1999 - nature.com Abstract Despite its increasing role in communication, the World-Wide Web remains uncontrolled: any individual or institution can create a website with any number of documents and links. This unregulated growth leads to a huge and complex web, which ... Citado por 4021 Artículos relacionados Las 62 versiones Citar Guardar [CITAS] The whole Internet user's guide and catalog E Krol - 1992 - dl.acm.org Robert M. Akscyn, Donald L. McCracken, PLEXUS: a hypermedia architecture for large- scale digital libraries, Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Systems documentation, p. 11-20, October 05-08, 1993, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Citado por 1061 Artículos relacionados Las 15 versiones Citar Guardar Más cmu.edu [PDF] On power-law relationships of the internet topology M Faloutsos, P Faloutsos, C Faloutsos - ACM SIGCOMM Computer …, 1999 - dl.acm.org Abstract Despite the apparent randomness of the Internet, we discover some surprisingly simple power-laws of the Internet topology. These power-laws hold for three snapshots of the Internet, between November 1997 and December 1998, despite a 45% growth of its ... Citado por 4955 Artículos relacionados Las 81 versiones Citar Guardar [LIBRO] Cyberpolitics: Citizen activism in the age of the Internet KA Hill, JE Hughes - 1999 - dl.acm.org Is the Internet poised to replace television as the central means of political communication? Will the advent of computer communication create a new era of citizen activism? Will the Internet ultimately lend itself more to political accountability and access or to exclusion ... Citado por 684 Artículos relacionados Las 3 versiones Citar Guardar Más [CITAS] Internet and society J Slevin - 2000 - dl.acm.org Internet and Society. Author: James Slevin, Publication: · Book, Internet and Society. Blackwell Publishers, Inc. Cambridge, MA, USA ©2000 ISBN:0745620876. 2000 Book. Bibliometrics. · Downloads (6 Weeks): n/a · Downloads ... Citado por 740 Artículos relacionados Las 7 versiones Citar Guardar Más hjp.at [HTML] [HTML] Integrated services in the internet architecture: an overview R Braden, D Clark, S Shenker - 1994 - hjp.at Rfc, 1633. Title, Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: an Overview. Author, R. Braden, D. Clark, S. Shenker. Date, June 1994. ... This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. ... Citado por 4422 Artículos relacionados Las 7 versiones Citar Guardar Más ietf.org [HTML] [HTML] Internet protocol, version 6 (IPv6) specification SE Deering - 1998 - tools.ietf.org ... Updated by: 5095, 5722, 5871, 6437, 6564, 6935, DRAFT STANDARD 6946, 7045 Errata Exist Network Working Group S. Deering Request for Comments: 2460 Cisco Obsoletes: 1883 R. Hinden Category: Standards Track Nokia December 1998 Internet Protocol, Version 6 ... Citado por 4361 Artículos relacionados Las 9 versiones Citar Guardar Más [CITAS] La psicología de Internet P Wallace, G Sánchez Barberán - 2001 - sidalc.net ... Signatura: (Sirsi) i9788449310201. Autor: Wallace, Patricia M. Título: La psicología de Internet /. P.imprenta: Barcelona :. Paidós,. c2001.. 334 p. ; 24 cm. Notas: Paidós Transiciones ; Traducción de: The psychology of the Internet. Incluye notas bibliográficas e índice. ... Citado por 149 Citar Guardar Más [HTML] Internet protocol J Postel - 1981 - tools.ietf.org [Docs] [txt|pdf] [Errata] Updated by: 1349, 2474, 6864 INTERNET STANDARD Errata Exist RFC: 791 INTERNET PROTOCOL DARPA INTERNET PROGRAM PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION September 1981 prepared for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Information ... Citado por 3357 Artículos relacionados Las 10 versiones Citar Guardar Más [CITAS] Internet politics: States, citizens, and new communication technologies A Chadwick - 2006 - Oxford University Press Citado por 666 Artículos relacionados Citar Guardar Más uni-linz.ac.at [HTML] Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? R Kraut, M Patterson, V Lundmark, S Kiesler… - American …, 1998 - psycnet.apa.org Abstract 1. The Internet could change the lives of average citizens as much as did the telephone in the early part of the 20th century and television in the 1950s and 1960s. Researchers and social critics are debating whether the Internet is improving or harming ... Citado por 3391 Artículos relacionados Las 28 versiones Citar Guardar Internet encyclopaedias go head to head J Giles - Nature, 2005 - nature.com One of the extraordinary stories of the Internet age is that of Wikipedia, a free online encyclopaedia that anyone can edit. This radical and rapidly growing publication, which includes close to 4 million entries, is now a much-used resource. But it is also controversial: if anyone can ... Citado por 1818 Artículos relacionados Las 19 versiones Citar Guardar [CITAS] The Internet galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, business, and society M Castells - 2002 - Oxford University Press Citado por 4129 Artículos relacionados Las 6 versiones Citar Guardar Más [LIBRO] Firewalls and Internet security: repelling the wily hacker WR Cheswick, SM Bellovin, AD Rubin - 2003 - dl.acm.org The first printing of the First Edition appeared at the Las Vegas Interop in May, 1994. At that same show appeared the first of many commercial firewall products. In many ways, the field has matured since then: You can buy a decent firewall off the shelf from many vendors. Citado por 1358 Artículos relacionados Las 16 versiones Citar Guardar Más hjp.at [HTML] [HTML] Security architecture for the internet protocol S Kent, R Atkinson - 1998 - hjp.at RFC 2401 Security Architecture for IP November 1998 NOTE: A compliant implementation MUST not allow instantiation of an ESP SA that employs both a NULL encryption and a NULL authentication algorithm. An attempt to negotiate such an SA is an auditable event. 5.1.2 Header ... Citado por 3620 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar Más arxiv.org [PDF] Resilience of the Internet to random breakdowns R Cohen, K Erez, D Ben-Avraham, S Havlin - Physical review letters, 2000 - APS A common property of many large networks, including the Internet, is that the connectivity of the various nodes follows a scale-free power-law distribution, P k ck2a. We study the stability of such networks with respect to crashes, such as random removal of sites. Our approach, ... Citado por 1443 Artículos relacionados Las 21 versiones Citar Guardar aub.edu.lb [PDF] [LIBRO] Digital divide: Civic engagement, information poverty, and the Internet worldwide P Norris - 2001 - books.google.com There is widespread concern that the explosive growth of the Internet is exacerbating existing inequalities between the information rich and poor. Digital Divide sets out to examine the evidence for access and use of the Internet in 179 nations across the world. A ... Citado por 3610 Artículos relacionados Las 9 versiones Citar Guardar Más wiley.com [HTML] [HTML] Consumer trust in an Internet store: A cross‐cultural validation SL Jarvenpaa, N Tractinsky… - Journal of Computer‐ …, 1999 - Wiley Online Library Abstract Many have speculated that trust plays a critical role in stimulating consumer purchases over the Internet. Most of the speculations have rallied around US consumers purchasing from US–based online merchants. The global nature of the Internet raises ... Citado por 2710 Artículos relacionados Las 11 versiones Citar Guardar Internet encyclopaedias go head to head J Giles - Nature, 2005 - nature.com One of the extraordinary stories of the Internet age is that of Wikipedia, a free online encyclopaedia that anyone can edit. This radical and rapidly growing publication, which includes close to 4 million entries, is now a much-used resource. But it is also controversial: if anyone can ... Citado por 1818 Artículos relacionados Las 19 versiones Citar Guardar tuwien.ac.at [PDF] Studying cooperation and conflict between authors with history flow visualizations FB Viégas, M Wattenberg, K Dave - … of the SIGCHI conference on Human …, 2004 - dl.acm.org Abstract The Internet has fostered an unconventional and powerful style of collaboration:" wiki" web sites, where every visitor has the power to become an editor. In this paper we investigate the dynamics of Wikipedia, a prominent, thriving wiki. We make three ... Citado por 787 Artículos relacionados Las 38 versiones Citar Guardar ufrgs.br [PDF] [PDF] Wikipedia as participatory journalism: Reliable sources? metrics for evaluating collaborative media as a news resource A Lih - Nature, 2004 - ufrgs.br Abstract Wikipedia is an Internet-based, user contributed encyclopedia that is collaboratively edited, and utilizes the wiki concept–the idea that any user on the Internet can change any page within the Web site, even anonymously. Paradoxically, this seemingly chaotic ... Citado por 349 Artículos relacionados Las 17 versiones Citar Guardar Más firstmonday.org [HTML] An empirical examination of Wikipedia's credibility T Chesney - First Monday, 2006 - firstmonday.org Abstract Wikipedia is an free, online encyclopaedia which anyone can add content to or edit the existing content of. The idea behind Wikipedia is that members of the general public can add their own personal knowledge, anonymously if they wish. Wikipedia then evolves ... Citado por 204 Artículos relacionados Las 13 versiones Citar Guardar Más butlercommonplace.org [PDF] Becoming Wikipedian: transformation of participation in a collaborative online encyclopedia SL Bryant, A Forte, A Bruckman - Proceedings of the 2005 international …, 2005 - dl.acm.org Abstract Traditional activities change in surprising ways when computer-mediated communication becomes a component of the activity system. In this descriptive study, we leverage two perspectives on social activity to understand the experiences of individuals ... Citado por 526 Artículos relacionados Las 32 versiones Citar Guardar fsu.edu [PDF] [PDF] Assessing Information Quality of a Community-Based Encyclopedia. B Stvilia, MB Twidale, LC Smith, L Gasser - IQ, 2005 - mailer.fsu.edu Abstract Effective information quality analysis needs powerful yet easy ways to obtain metrics. The English version of Wikipedia provides an extremely interesting yet challenging case for the study of Information Quality dynamics at both macro and micro levels. We ... Citado por 229 Artículos relacionados Las 10 versiones Citar Guardar Más marlajarmer.net [PDF] Can history be open source? Wikipedia and the future of the past R Rosenzweig - The Journal of American History, 2006 - jah.oxfordjournals.org History is a deeply individualistic craft. The singly authored work is the standard for the profession; only about 6 percent of the more than 32,000 scholarly works indexed since 2000 in this journal's comprehensive bibliographic guide,“Recent Scholarship,” have ... Citado por 226 Artículos relacionados Las 11 versiones Citar Guardar ufrgs.br [PDF] Collaborative authoring on the web: A genre analysis of online encyclopedias W Emigh, SC Herring - … , 2005. HICSS'05. Proceedings of the …, 2005 - ieeexplore.ieee.org Abstract This paper presents the results of a genre analysis of two web-based collaborative authoring environments, Wikipedia and Everything2, both of which are intended as repositories of encyclopedic knowledge and are open to contributions from the public. ... Citado por 230 Artículos relacionados Las 12 versiones Citar Guardar rclis.org [PDF] Measuring wikipedia J Voss - 2005 - eprints.rclis.org Wikipedia, an international project that uses Wiki software to collaboratively create an encyclopaedia, is becoming more and more popular. Everyone can directly edit articles and every edit is recorded. The version history of all articles is freely available and allows a ... Citado por 347 Artículos relacionados Las 12 versiones Citar Guardar kittur.org [PDF] He says, she says: conflict and coordination in Wikipedia A Kittur, B Suh, BA Pendleton, EH Chi - Proceedings of the SIGCHI …, 2007 - dl.acm.org Abstract Wikipedia, a wiki-based encyclopedia, has become one of the most successful experiments in collaborative knowledge building on the Internet. As Wikipedia continues to grow, the potential for conflict and the need for coordination increase as well. This article ... Citado por 346 Artículos relacionados Las 17 versiones Citar Guardar http://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=wfNPdyiwbYQC&oi=fnd&pg=PP11&dq=internet&ots=gzbI8flTaT&sig=bLgPdFa1ILmaN_2YV8nvQOTnRkM#v=onepage&q=internet&f=false http://scholar.google.es/scholar?q=internet+use+by+profesional+sectors&btnG=&hl=es&as_sdt=0%2C5 The relationship between Internet use and perceived performance in retail and professional service firms J Drennan, JR McColl-Kennedy - Journal of Services …, 2003 - emeraldinsight.com ... their intranets, it is still in the early stages, and the Internet is being used for more ... Afuah, A., Tucci, CL (2001), Internet Business Models and Strategies, McGraw-Hill,, New York, NY ... Cockburn, C., Wilson, TD (1996), "Business use of the World Wide Web", International Journal of ... Citado por 52 Artículos relacionados Las 5 versiones Citar Guardar Internet use by faculty members in various disciplines: a comparative case study SS Lazinger, J Bar‐Ilan… - Journal of the American …, 1997 - Wiley Online Library ... was to examine and compare use of the Internet among various sectors of the ... Questionnaires were sent to faculty members in all departments and professional schools of The ... Results indicated that Internet use is consistently higher among faculty members in the sciences and ... Citado por 123 Artículos relacionados Las 5 versiones Citar Guardar Innovative use of the Internet in established small firms: the impact of knowledge management and organisational learning in accessing new opportunities LM Martin, H Matlay - Qualitative Market Research: An …, 2003 - emeraldinsight.com ... First, owner/managers and key personnel recognised the importance of the Internet and its strategic use for marketing purposes. Organisational Web sites were used strategically to develop stronger and more effective links with both customers and suppliers. ... Citado por 107 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar illinois.edu [PDF] [PDF] Digital citizenship K Mossberger, C Tolbert… - The internet, society, and …, 2008 - groups.lis.illinois.edu ... conceptions of citizenship Multiple Traditions of Citizenship in US (Rogers Smith 1993) • Liberalism ... Suburban or Urban (+) Professional, Mgmt., Sales, Professional, Mgmt., Sales, and Secretarial Occupations (+) ... Page 26. Probability of Daily Internet Use Age 63 21% Age 29 ... Citado por 365 Artículos relacionados Las 6 versiones Citar Guardar Más [CITAS] The Internet and health communication: Experiences and expectations RE Rice, JE Katz - 2001 - Sage Citado por 141 Artículos relacionados Citar Guardar Más Factors affecting the adoption of Internet Banking in Hong Kong—implications for the banking sector CS Yiu, K Grant, D Edgar - International Journal of Information Management, 2007 - Elsevier ... No of user that have used this transaction, % on Internet Banking user. Account transfer, 31, 24.8. ... Credit card application Usage, 5, 4.0. ... 2, 1, 2, 1. I can have more prestige (eg preferential lending or deposits rates) than other bank customers if I use Internet Banking services. 1, 2, 2 ... Citado por 175 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar Technology professional development for teachers L Schrum - Educational Technology Research and Development, 1999 - Springer ... Alternative assessments, through electronic portfolios, have been used to create authentic activities for preservice ... Teach- ers, computers, and the Internet: The first stage of a community-initiated project ... Computers and teachers: Factors influencing computer use in the ... Citado por 273 Artículos relacionados Las 7 versiones Citar Guardar researchgate.net [PDF] [PDF] A longitudinal study of expectations in small business Internet commerce S Poon, P Swatman - International Journal of Electronic …, 1999 - researchgate.net ... amount of change occurring (the Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks test was used because of ... Yet 95% of the sample said they would continue to use the Internet Commerce for ... percentage of firms from the Internet and Related Services sector found the Internet was either ... Citado por 95 Artículos relacionados Las 6 versiones Citar Guardar Más parnu.ee [PDF] Adoption of E-Commerce by SMEs in the UK Towards a Stage Model E Daniel, H Wilson, A Myers - International Small Business …, 2002 - isb.sagepub.com ... It should be stressed that the variables shown in these tables were not used to construct the ... 20.5 20.0 13.5 18.2 Note: Figures are percentage of cluster total in their use of e ... offerings, being information based, are likely to be compatible with promotion and sale over the Internet. ... Citado por 252 Artículos relacionados Las 8 versiones Citar Guardar Teachers and ICT: Current use and future needs D Williams, L Coles, K Wilson… - British journal of …, 2000 - Wiley Online Library ... teachers which reported low levels of regular use of generic applications and low levels of confidence particularly in the use of the Internet (Gillmon, 1998 ... Where ICT resources are used by primary teachers they are used most often in the class- room context (95% of teachers ... Citado por 197 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar http://groups.lis.illinois.edu/guest_lectures/cii/digcitizen.pdf http://scholar.google.es/scholar?q=related:Bmbmg6Z_Sp8J:scholar.google.com/&hl=es&as_sdt=0,5 relacionados illinois.edu [PDF] [PDF] Digital citizenship K Mossberger, C Tolbert… - The internet, society, and …, 2008 - groups.lis.illinois.edu • Information technology responsible for productivity growth since 1990s• Future growth and investment will be use of IT throughout “old economy sectors”• Use of IT changes jobs, work practices, and raises skills needed–IT, cognitive skills, education, soft skills• Does it matter ... Citado por 365 Artículos relacionados Las 6 versiones Citar Guardar Más Assessing the Potential of Internet Political Participation in the United States A Resource Approach BS Krueger - American Politics Research, 2002 - apr.sagepub.com Abstract An emerging scholarly consensus asserts that patterns of Internet political participation will merely imitate the established patterns of participatory inequality in the United States. Because those from advantaged backgrounds access the medium at higher ... Citado por 194 Artículos relacionados Las 2 versiones Citar Guardar googlecode.com [PDF] Unraveling the effects of the Internet on political participation? CJ Tolbert, RS McNeal - Political Research Quarterly, 2003 - prq.sagepub.com Abstract While a long tradition of research documents the demographic and psychological determinants of political participation, there is also evidence to suggest that changes in communication technology may play an important role in influencing electoral behavior. ... Citado por 368 Artículos relacionados Las 5 versiones Citar Guardar Does Internet use affect engagement? A meta-analysis of research S Boulianne - political communication, 2009 - Taylor & Francis Scholars disagree about the impact of the Internet on civic and political engagement. Some scholars argue that Internet use will contribute to civic decline, whereas other scholars view the Internet as having a role to play in reinvigorating civic life. This article assesses the ... Citado por 279 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar googlecode.com [PDF] Analyzing the representativeness of Internet political participation SJ Best, BS Krueger - Political Behavior, 2005 - Springer Abstract Political participation researchers have developed several evaluative techniques to assess the representativeness of political participation patterns. Yet, while the Internet has become a mainstream avenue for political participation in the United States, current ... Citado por 223 Artículos relacionados Las 8 versiones Citar Guardar lusoli.info [PDF] Online Participation in the UK: Testing a 'Contextualised'Model of Internet Effects1 RK Gibson, W Lusoli, S Ward - The British Journal of Politics & …, 2005 - Wiley Online Library This article offers a new test of the mobilisation thesis of Internet effects on individual political participation using data from an NOP survey of 1,972 UK adults during May 2002. The analysis differs from that of previous studies in that it significantly widens the ... Citado por 214 Artículos relacionados Las 7 versiones Citar Guardar Direct and differential effects of the Internet on political and civic engagement M Xenos, P Moy - Journal of Communication, 2007 - Wiley Online Library Given the significant rise in the number of Americans who turn to the Internet for political information, we examine the effects of these behaviors on political and civic engagement in an evolving media landscape. Specifically, we test hypotheses derived from competing ... Citado por 213 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar Information and political engagement in America: The search for effects of information technology at the individual level B Bimber - Political Research Quarterly, 2001 - prq.sagepub.com Abstract Some aspects of democracy appear more sensitive than others to the availability throughout society of political information. Individual-level political engagement poses a puzzle in this regard. An instrumentalquantitative conception of information that is central ... Citado por 399 Artículos relacionados Las 5 versiones Citar Guardar [LIBRO] Virtual inequality: Beyond the digital divide K Mossberger, CJ Tolbert, M Stansbury - 2003 - books.google.com That there is a" digital divide"--which falls between those who have and can afford the latest in technological tools and those who have neither in our society--is indisputable. Virtual Inequality redefines the issue as it explores the cascades of that divide, which involve ... Citado por 610 Artículos relacionados Las 4 versiones Citar Guardar Más Internet use and civic engagement: A longitudinal analysis MK Jennings, V Zeitner - Public Opinion Quarterly, 2003 - AAPOR Abstract Conclusions about the impact of the Internet on civic engagement have been hampered by the unavailability of before and after measures, a shortage of varied and multiple indicators of attitudes and behaviors regarding engagement, and insufficient ... Citado por 274 Artículos relacionados Las 6 versiones Citar Guardar

martes, 13 de mayo de 2014

Eskwela



pronunciación: IPA: /eˈskwela/ esˈkwela    

Las traducciones a sánscrito:


  • विद्यालय 
    (Noun  )

Otros significados:


 
Institución o edificio en el que los niños y gente joven recibe educación.
http://es.glosbe.com/es/sa/escuela 

En Telugu:  
పాఠశాల

sábado, 3 de mayo de 2014

A Theory of Strategy – Learning From China From walking to sailing

0.0 iNDICE

0. blibiografía sumaria


3. laZimby: Palabra Clave Para Salir de la Crisis



6. tresen 1: tú la cuña y el queso entero


8. He visto una gayumba en flor



























jueves, 24 de abril de 2014

HAZ SALTAR LA BANCA

RECIBIDO POR EMAIL:

buenas tardes
reenvío este correo que complementa el que mandé hace un rato

y disculpa si lo has recibido otra vez




Hoy lanzamos un mensaje alto y claro, podéis verlo aquí:
http://partidox.org/haz-saltar-la-banca/

Ésta es una llamada a toda la ciudadanía que ha decidido que es el 
momento de actuar.

Necesitamos información para dejar de padecer sus mentiras, para dejar 
de ser llevados de la mano como niños, para quitarnos de una vez la 
venda de los ojos. Ahora es cuando tenemos que vivir, cuidarnos y aprender.

No podemos seguir contando solo con las acciones judiciales para 
disuadir a los defraudadores. Las investigaciones se alargan años. 
Debemos llevar nuestra lucha diaria al Parlamento Europeo. Sin miedo.

Con una victoria en Europa podremos tener mayor fuerza y cambiar la 
manera de hacer
las cosas. No dentro de varios años, sino ahora.

Ahora es cuando están dejando que todo se venga abajo mientras el 
dinero… “desaparece”.

Pero no desaparece, simplemente cambia de manos; el problema es que 
nosotros perdemos el rastro del dinero.

No hablo como economista sino como experto en mecanismos de opacidad, 
como persona que lucha contra esos mecanismos.

¿Queréis saber cuál es la relación?
La desaparición del capital.
Tenemos que saber a dónde va.

No se puede esperar a que las leyes cambien y nos protejan mejor para 
hacerlo. Podemos empezar a protegernos compartiendo la información y 
coordinando mejor nuestras competencias.

Ya no son los estados demócraticos los que imponen sus leyes. Son las 
grandes multinacionales las que marcan sus pasos mientras les miran por 
encima del hombro. Hay que romper este círculo de servidumbre que no 
descansa más que sobre la corrupción de ciertos elegidos.

Es el momento de un esfuerzo común. Es el momento de salir a las calles 
de nuevo, esta vez para votar y continuar el cambio, para crear nuestra 
sociedad a diario, más allá de los periodos electorales.

El diálogo sobre nuestros destinos no puede seguir haciéndose sin que 
estemos informados y sin que participemos activamente. El futuro de 
nuestro dinero y de nuestros empleos no puede volver a decidirse sin 
nosotros.

Luchamos por el derecho a saber, sin el cual el derecho a elegir nuestro 
destino y a votar, es simplemente una parodia sin sentido.

La información es la condición para nuestra libertad y nuestra dignidad.

Este es nuestro plan. Este es nuestro objetivo.

Hervé Falciani


Anunciamos que el próximo martes 29 habrá un encuentro abierto con Hervé 
Falciani en el chat de Público.es http://charlas.publico.es/

Por favor, ayúdanos a que este mensaje llegue a todas partes 
compartiendo en FB:

https://www.facebook.com/PartidoXPartidodelFuturo/posts/777392105613082?stream_ref=10 


Y en Twitter con el ht #FalcianiXEuropa

lunes, 21 de abril de 2014

Especulación y caciquismo


José Manuel Naredo  (25 de julio de 2009)
No puede haber cambio del modelo económico imperante sin corregir la marcada dimensión especulativa y caciquil que ha venido caracterizando a la economía española durante el pasado auge. ¿Por qué no ha mejorado sensiblemente la calidad de vida de la población cuando la economía española ha venido disfrutando de una financiación inusualmente barata y abundante? ¿Cuál ha sido el destino de esa financiación?


Una parte importante de la misma se invirtió en la compraventa de empresas y activos patrimoniales preexistentes como tarea mucho más prioritaria en la lucha por el poder y por la “creación de valor” de las grandes corporaciones que la de cuidar su propia actividad ordinaria, ligada a la venta de bienes o servicios. Las mismas empresas no financieras vinieron invirtiendo en adquirir activos financieros, más del doble de lo que destinaban a mejorar o ampliar sus infraestructuras y equipos, privilegiando así, la especulación frente a la fabricación de bienes o servicios, cada vez más subcontratada y precarizada. Las copiosas inyecciones de liquidez que se vienen practicando reanimarán, evidentemente, este juego especulativo si no se modifica el contexto que lo propicia.
Otra gran parte de la financiación ha venido alimentando la burbuja inmobiliario-financiera y la constelación de megaproyectos e infraestructuras generalmente asociados a ella. Una vez obtenidas las plusvalías de la recalificación de terrenos y/o los beneficios de la fase de construcción, suele evidenciarse el fiasco económico y el sinsentido de los megaproyectos, ahora subrayado por la crisis inmobiliaria. Numerosos exponentes de este proceder han venido desordenando el territorio al dictado de oligarquías político-empresariales que sembraban por doquier, con el apoyo del dinero público, parques temáticos, nuevas “ciudades” e infraestructuras, sin contar con las necesidades de la población ni con las vocaciones del territorio. Tal vez la operación denominada Reino de Don Quijote, en Ciudad Real, pase a la historia por haber contribuido a la bancarrota de Caja Castilla La Mancha, al forzarla, entre otras cosas, a financiar un ruinoso aeropuerto privado para que accedieran los ricos del mundo a jugar en el nuevo casino que servía de pretexto a la operación. Pero esto parece un juego de niños en comparación con la treintena de casinos y la megalópolis del juego que se pretendían instalar en el desierto de Los Monegros…
Afortunadamente la crisis vino a parar tamaños despropósitos. Pero, una vez pinchada la burbuja inmobiliaria, queda el negocio puro y duro de la construcción de infraestructuras inflado por el dinero público que fluye ahora con redobladas pretensiones anticíclicas, haciendo que la letra E de España avale las obras que sin ton ni son salpican el territorio. ¿Ha preguntado alguien a la ciudadanía cuáles son sus prioridades, antes de emprender un programa de este porte? No parece que así sea y, sin cambiar las reglas del juego, las nuevas inversiones seguirán alimentando la dimensión especulativa y caciquil de la economía española que nos ha llevado a la penosa situación actual.
Economista y estadístico

domingo, 20 de abril de 2014

Fritz the Cat-Full-the-movie

Qué es Complaciencia?

Complaciencia es el hecho y la acción de complacer

Además, complacencia suena fatal, y nos está gritando que es antinatural, para nuestros sentires, que se sienten maltrechos cuando tratamos de pronunciarla sin paladear sílaba por sílaba a la fuerza, para no caer en el atractor evolutivo, fluente, que lo hace mucho mejor con la "i", esa "i" que aparece (en) complaciente, pues se s("i")ente, y es que siempre he tenido la picá de que ciencia viene esactamente de sentir, scientia, esencia, lo que se siente se hulismea, olfactea, lo mas animal, lo invisible, y lo más refinado...

Nuestra simbiodiversa definición; Complaciencia: la Ciencia Complacer Compartiendo.

A continuación, lo que nos dice enternet: 


En la columna de la izquierda se listan palabras similares a "complaciencia" y palabras que incluyen "complaciencia" o algo similar en su significado.


No se pudo encontrar "complaciencia" en el diccionario de sinónimos sin embargo al revisar "complaciencia" o voces comparables se pudo ofrecer otros resultados de utilidad.
No es posible dar con la palabra "complaciencia" en el diccionario de antónimosaunque al revisar "complaciencia" o palabras equivalentes se logró presentar alternativas que pueden ser útiles.
No fue posible dar con el término "complaciencia" en el glosario de términos gauchescos y criollos de Argentina sin embargo buscando "complaciencia" o expresiones parecidas se logró exponer los listados que se presentan.
No es posible encontrar el término "complaciencia" en el glosario de lunfardo y giros de Argentina aunque al indagar "complaciencia" o partículas análogas se pudo brindar los listados que se presentan.
Imposible dar con "complaciencia" en el glosario de jergas y modismos de Argentina no obstante al revisar "complaciencia" o expresiones análogas se consiguió proponer alternativas que pueden ser útiles.

sábado, 19 de abril de 2014

Una Epistemología del Sur

Here the complet book:

http://books.google.es/books?id=NUkI0AId42sC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Una+Epistemolog%C3%ADa+del+Sur&hl=es&sa=X&ei=YTVSU_r3K-uA7QawjIHADg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Una%20Epistemolog%C3%ADa%20del%20Sur&f=false

Here a recension:

http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=74721474017


"To travel means learning-and-apply".

Maybe the best (and minimum) tribute to their southern Masters,
from the part of northern Anthropologists,
would be equal to =

Apply "Una Epistemología del Sur",

Within the Habitat and Community,

Where the Anthropologist lives,


Guerra a las fronteras,

Today disciplinary borders among academic disciplines,

Makes more Damn,

Than all (actual) wars together,


Wars are too,

To risk our lives,

Just one step from our doors,

("la guerra callada del tráfico", Doctoral Thesis of Public Health,
Universidad de Valencia. Academic Title: Epidemiología de los Accidentes
de Tráfico en España from 1920 to 1975"


La costra de Wilhem Reich,

Made Chatarra por tonnes,

Durmiendo plácidamente,

En la resaca de Viernes Santo,



Podríamos distinguir tres tipos de costra urbana,

Hormigón, Asfalto y Chatarra aparcada.



Cada una de estas superficies urbanas,

Esconde grandes tesoros debajo,

O encima,



Tejados y terrazas son en potencia,

Junto con los muros verticales,

Huertos comestibles,


Que además refrescan y se comen,

Los asfixiantes gases de los coches,

etc...



Agustin Antunez Corrales

Universidad de Málaga








> Reading this text, the main problem seems to be:
>
>
>  - "There are no alternatives capable of supplanting oil as the main
> global transportation fuel in the foreseeable future." -
>
>
> But here I found another cognitive dissonance. Because we hide/ignore
> another ways to find a solution.
>
> In stead of to try supplanting oil, we may direct our attention towards
> the very low eficiency of those transportation systems based on private
> cars. To increase the eficiency of our transportation systems, we could
> see how many cities and regions have solved this "big" problem.
>
> Sometimes ago, the chief of International Monetary Fund, in relation with
> the problems of oil markets and economy, said that "we could solve the
> problem impulsing decidedly at a global level the use of bikes by
> citizens".
>
> In fact, in east Europe the impulse for biking among urban aged people has
> taken multiple advantages, among them, more health for users, and more
> habitable cities.
>
> Of course you or me alone cannot change transportation systems from today
> to tomorrow. But if society and governments are now more aware of climate
> change, maybe the easy solution comes from urban and regional planning,
> incorporating the long experiences that Do exist already in our connected
> world,in cities and regions where people have enough alternatives to use
> their private car.
>
> If maybe 80% of oil is actualy lost because of our so low eficiency
> transportation systems, based in infraused private cars, to look for
> alternative fuel seems out of sense. We need to focus in this
> overcomsuption of fuel. Maybe no other industry allows to function with
> this so low eficiency, as our private car -based systems of
> transportation.
>
> Reducing a high percentage of private cars from our cities would have a
> high number of advantages (not related to climatic change) that help to
> impulse the need and opportunity of this endeavour.
>
> Maybe you never ask:
>
> Why there are citizens comdemned to suffer each day of their lives a
> public space collapsed by privates cars reducing so much their quality of
> living?
>
> In the meanwhile there are other citizens enjoing cities made for
> citizens, and not for cars.
>
> Why this injustice?
>
> Moscow, 1989. State collapsed, and Bus systems too. And people wanted to
> travel to their destiny. And no bus functioned. People owners of vans put
> their vehicles for public use, as a emergency solution. An intermediate
> public transportation system were borning in Russia: The collective taxis.
>
> In many southern countries there are diferent intermediate transportation
> systems, as Vans, Collective taxis and Minibus (Dolmus in Istambul).
>
> The question is: Why these intermediate public transportation systems seem
> to have disappeared in the Northen countries?
>
> Is it possible to reincorporate them today?
>
> I think yes!
>
> We could thus speak of virtual oil?
>
> ((Pardon, I am not english fluent))
>
>
> Agustín Antúnez Corrales
>
> University of Málaga
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>> Robert
>> Rapier<http://www.energytrendsinsider.com/2014/04/15/how-do-you-justify-consuming-exxonmobils-oil/#more-16458>,
>> one of my go-to writers on energy matters (esp oil), offers some
>> interesting comments on the Exxon's evaluation of the likelihood of
>> stranded assets.
>>
>> Introduction
>>
>> Sometimes the written word is easy to misinterpret. More than once I
>> have
>> written an article to find that some minor point I made became the
>> focus,
>> or that the point I was making was just lost. Most of the time that’s my
>> fault, but sometimes it’s because an editor wanted to spice up the title
>> and make it a bit more controversial. In that case, that can inflame the
>> reader before they even begin to read, and they either make comments
>> based
>> on a misleading title, or they read the article with significant bias.
>>
>> I think there is a risk of misinterpretation with today’s article, so I
>> want to spell out my intent up front. This should not be read as a
>> defense
>> of ExxonMobil or their business practices, because that’s not what it
>> is.
>> It’s an attempt to get the reader to understand how they think, and why
>> they do some of the things they do. Importantly, you may not be able to
>> understand their actions given your view of the world. It’s not because
>> they are simply denying reality so they can keep making money, they just
>> don’t see the same things you see. Here is my attempt to explain that.
>>
>> A Carbon Asset Bubble?
>>
>> The 2009 Copenhagen
>> Accord<https://unfccc.int/meetings/copenhagen_dec_2009/items/5262.php>
>> on
>> climate change stipulated that if the worst impacts of climate change
>> are
>> to be avoided, we have to stop taking fossil fuels from the ground and
>> burning them. Doing so has been increasing the carbon dioxide in the
>> atmosphere for the past two centuries. Former Vice President Al Gore has
>> been but one high profile voice advocating for leaving those fossil
>> fuels
>> in the ground, which would create a big problem for fossil fuel
>> companies
>> whose value is based on their fossil fuel reserves. Gore outlined his
>> position last year in a Wall Street Journal editorial The Coming Carbon
>> Asset
>> Bubble<http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304655104579163663464339836?mod=djemEditorialPage_h>.
>>
>> This is obviously an item of significant interest for fossil fuel
>> companies and their shareholders. In fact, in February several investor
>> groups filed shareholder
>> resolutions<http://www.ceres.org/press/press-releases/shareholders-file-resolutions-to-press-fossil-fuel-companies-on-low-carbon-strategies-carbon-asset-risk>
>> with 10 fossil fuel companies, including ExxonMobil (NYSE: XOM), Chevron
>> (NYSE: CVX), Devon Energy (NYSE: DVN), Kinder Morgan (NYSE: KMI) and
>> Peabody Energy (NYSE: BTU), seeking an assessment of how they are
>> preparing for the possibility that some of their fossil fuel reserves
>> may
>> become stranded under a low-carbon scenario.
>>
>> ExxonMobil Responds
>>
>> ExxonMobil responded to these resolutions with a 30-page
>> report<http://cdn.exxonmobil.com/~/media/Files/Other/2014/Report%20-%20Energy%20and%20Carbon%20-%20Managing%20the%20Risks.pdf>.
>> The company indicated that its investment decisions are based on a
>> comprehensive annual analysis of the global outlook for energy that is
>> consistent with the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) World Energy
>> Outlook and the US Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) Annual
>> Energy
>> Outlook. In other words, investment decisions are not simply based on
>> the
>> world according to ExxonMobil, but also on the world energy outlook from
>> the US government and the IEA, which represents 28 member countries
>> (including the US).
>>
>> The report states that ExxonMobil takes the threat of climate change
>> seriously, a point reiterated by ExxonMobil government affairs chief Ken
>> Cohen in an Associated Press
>> interview<http://seattletimes.com/html/businesstechnology/2023271795_apxexxonclimatechange.html>
>> following the paper’s release. “We know enough based on the research and
>> science that the risk (of climate change) is real and appropriate steps
>> should be taken to address that risk,” Cohen said.
>>
>> I am not going to get into the gist of the report here, except to
>> summarize ExxonMobil’s position, which is: “World demand for oil will
>> continue to be very strong, and our oil reserves will not be stranded.”
>> If
>> you want to know the basis for their argument, it’s laid out in the
>> report.
>>
>> ExxonMobil Answers the Wrong Question
>>
>> Those pushing for the resolution didn’t like that answer. While
>> acknowledging that responding was a step in the right direction, Natasha
>> Lamb, director of equity research at Arjuna Capital, stated: “The
>> question
>> is not whether or not we’ll face the low carbon standard, but whether
>> they
>> are prepared to address it. We need to know what’s at stake. But at
>> least
>> now investors know that Exxon is not addressing the low carbon scenario
>> and placing investor capital at risk.”
>>
>> With all due respect, that might not have been the question you asked,
>> but
>> if ExxonMobil doesn’t believe it’s a credible scenario, then they aren’t
>> going to spend a lot of time and money addressing it. As an example, how
>> much time do you spend each day planning how you will spend your lottery
>> winnings? If you aren’t spending any time, you will be totally
>> unprepared
>> for winning the lottery. Oh, you don’t spend that much time on it
>> because
>> you don’t believe the outcome is likely? You may fantasize about what
>> you
>> would do if you won the lottery, but you don’t spend a lot of time each
>> day making financial plans based on that outcome.
>>
>> Likewise, I can assure you with 100 percent certainty that ExxonMobil is
>> spending some efforts on alternatives to oil. It’s not a lot relative to
>> their overall business, but it’s relative to how likely they think
>> demand
>> is shifting away from oil. And if demand starts to shift, they will
>> shift
>> their spending to try to capture where the markets are headed.
>>
>> That’s how oil companies operate in the real world, and not in the
>> cartoon
>> world many people think they inhabit. People view them through different
>> lenses and see their own projections, but the reality is that ExxonMobil
>> has seen a future in which oil continues to be the basis for
>> transportation (as does the EIA and IEA), and they have been correct in
>> that view since they have been in existence.
>>
>> But that doesn’t mean they can’t change. It just means that the catalyst
>> for change isn’t necessarily YOUR view that their oil reserves will be
>> stranded. Which brings me to my final point, which is reflected in the
>> title of this essay.
>>
>> Cognitive Dissonance
>>
>> With some extremely rare exceptions, the people who brought those
>> resolutions forward that demanded to know how ExxonMobil would cope with
>> leaving their oil reserves in the ground – all of them use oil. My point
>> is not to argue hypocrisy, but rather the cognitive dissonance at play.
>>
>> Those of us who are concerned about climate change – and I include
>> myself
>> in that group – all justify our consumption of oil in different ways. We
>> either reason that our individual contribution won’t make that much
>> difference, and what we would have to sacrifice to live without oil
>> isn’t
>> proportional to the miniscule impact on the environment from our single
>> contribution. Or, we reason that we do what we can to minimize our
>> personal consumption, but by using oil to travel around to urge others
>> to
>> limit consumption (the Al Gore/Bill McKibben sort of justification), our
>> net impact will be lower oil consumption.
>>
>> The thing is, ExxonMobil can argue exactly the same points. First of
>> all,
>> oil is a very small contributor relative to coal (and coal consumption
>> is
>> for me a very different argument), and ExxonMobil is a small percentage
>> of
>> global oil production. So ExxonMobil can make the argument “our impact
>> just isn’t that great”, just as individuals do.
>>
>> But oil also has few viable substitutes relative to coal. So ExxonMobil
>> can reason that their relative contribution to climate change is very
>> low,
>> while the impact of affordable transportation for people is great. They
>> can further argue (and did in the response to the shareholder
>> resolution)
>> that they are doing what they can to lower their environmental impact.
>>
>> So just keep in mind that if you want to press ExxonMobil to leave their
>> oil in the ground, you are on thin ice when it comes to arguing why it’s
>> then OK for you to use the oil they produce. If you use oil, you are
>> part
>> of the reason ExxonMobil continues to profit from producing the oil. If
>> you really want them to leave their oil in the ground, convince everyone
>> to stop using it, and do so yourself. Then the asset will be stranded.
>> But
>> you aren’t going to have much luck stranding the asset when demand
>> continues to grow. Every time you justify your oil consumption,
>> ExxonMobil
>> justifies producing more oil.
>>
>> But as my friend Geoffrey Styles points out in his take on the
>> issue<http://www.energytrendsinsider.com/2014/04/02/exxonmobil-confronts-the-carbon-bubble/>,
>> ExxonMobil does model “its projects and acquisitions at proxy costs of
>> up
>> to $80/ton of CO2, compared to current levels of $8-10/ton in the EU’s
>> Emission Trading System.” And even though they believe governments are
>> unlikely to adopt such high carbon prices, even 10 times the current
>> value
>> of carbon dioxide emissions in the EU is unlikely to strand Exxon’s
>> petroleum assets because there just isn’t a good substitute.
>>
>> Conclusions
>>
>> In my view, the relative benefit of future oil consumption is far
>> greater
>> than the relative benefit of future coal consumption, because oil has
>> fewer potential substitutes. There are many different ways of producing
>> electricity at a price that is competitive with coal, but with lower
>> emission of carbon dioxide. In a low carbon emission scenario, the
>> lion’s
>> share of the reduction effort should be directed at coal. Coal is a much
>> larger relative contributor, and there are potential replacements.
>>
>> Thus, I think ExxonMobil gave a reasonable answer in saying that it has
>> looked at the risks, and doesn’t believe any of its reserves are likely
>> to
>> be stranded. There are no alternatives capable of supplanting oil as the
>> main global transportation fuel in the foreseeable future. There will
>> continue to be contributions from biofuels, and electric transportation
>> will continue to make inroads, but crude will continue to do the heavy
>> lifting.
>>
>> Link to Original Article: How Do You Justify Consuming ExxonMobil’s
>> Oil?<http://www.energytrendsinsider.com/2014/04/15/how-do-you-justify-consuming-exxonmobils-oil/>
>>
>> You can find Robert
>> Rapier<http://www.energytrendsinsider.com/2006/01/12/about-me/> on
>> Twitter<https://twitter.com/RRapier>,
>> LinkedIn<http://www.linkedin.com/pub/robert-rapier/5/7ab/10a>, or
>> Facebook<https://www.facebook.com/robert.rapier.1>.
>>
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