A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness
J. Kevin O'Regan a1 and Alva Noë a2 a1 Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France oregan@ext.jussieu.fr http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr a2 Department of Philosophy, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 anoe@cats.ucsc.edu http://www2.ucsc.edu/people/anoe/ |
Abstract
Many current neurophysiological, psychophysical, and psychological approaches to vision rest on the idea that when we see, the brain produces an internal representation of the world. The activation of this internal representation is assumed to give rise to the experience of seeing. The problem with this kind of approach is that it leaves unexplained how the existence of such a detailed internal representation might produce visual consciousness. An alternative proposal is made here. We propose that seeing is a way of acting. It is a particular way of exploring the environment. Activity in internal representations does not generate the experience of seeing. The outside world serves as its own, external, representation. The experience of seeing occurs when the organism masters what we call the governing laws of sensorimotor contingency. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a natural and principled way of accounting for visual consciousness, and for the differences in the perceived quality of sensory experience in the different sensory modalities. Several lines of empirical evidence are brought forward in support of the theory, in particular: evidence from experiments in sensorimotor adaptation, visual “filling in,” visual stability despite eye movements, change blindness, sensory substitution, and color perception.
Key Words: action; change blindness; consciousness; experience; perception; qualia; sensation; sensorimotor.
Reclaiming concepts
Author: Rosch E.
Source: Journal of Consciousness Studies, Volume 6, Numbers 11-12, 1999 , pp. 61-77(17)
Abstract:
The story is told of a physicist who is invited by a dairy farmers’ association to tell them how to get more milk from cows. The physicist begins: ‘First we start with a spherical cow.’ That is told as a joke! Yet far more strange is what cognitivism has done to what is supposed to be the study of human thought and human life. This chapter is about concepts, the central building blocks of cognitivist theory. I will first show how cognitivism necessarily cannot give an adequate treatment of concepts and will then, more importantly (who pays any attention to criticisms?), outline the foundations for a new nonrepresentational view of concepts which should place the study of concepts on a real (rather than a spherical cow) basis.
Language: English
Document Type: Research article
Affiliations: Department of Psychology, University of California, 3210 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA. Email:rosch@socrates.berkeley.edu:The existence of internal visual memory representations
Jennifer D. Ryan a1 and Neal J. Cohen a2 a1 Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario M4C 5S7 Canada jryan@rotman-baycrest.on.ca a2 Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 ncohen@s.psych.uiuc.edu |
Abstract
Although O'Regan & Noë (O&N) claim that the world may serve as the viewers' external visual memory, findings from the field of memory research have demonstrated the existence of internal visual representations. These representations are stored in the viewer's brain, contain information regarding visual objects and their relations, guide subsequent exploration of the visual world and promote change detection.
Abstract,
Wolff-Michael RothLearning environments research is generally premised on an assumption that something like an environment independent of the individual can be identified. However, research in many disciplines questions this assumption. I outline here a phenomenological perspective of theorizing the environments in which we act and to which we react, our individual lifeworlds. Lifeworld analysis requires a sense of solidarity. Because it allows an understanding of the world of the Other, it constitutes a lens particularly important and useful in teaching as praxis.
hermeneutics - learning environments - lifeworld analysis - phenomenology - solidarity - teaching as praxis
Toward an Ecological Theory of Concepts ¡en Ecological Psychology!!!!!!!!!!
Affiliations: | a Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, |
b Department of Psychology, University of Cailfornia, Berkeley | |
c Leo Apostel Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, | |
d Department of Mathematics, Brussels Free University, |
View Full Text Article
Download PDF (~1817 KB) View Article Online (HTML) Abstract Psychology has had difficulty accounting for the creative, context-sensitive manner in which concepts are used. We believe this stems from the view of concepts as identifiers rather than bridges between mind and world that participate in the generation of meaning. This article summarizes the history and current status of concepts research and provides a nontechnical summary of work toward an ecological approach to concepts. We outline the rationale for applying generalizations of formalisms originally developed for use in quantum mechanics to the modeling of concepts, showing how it is because of the role of context that deep structural similarities exist between the two. A concept is defined not just in terms of exemplary states and their features or properties but also by the relational structures of these properties and their susceptibility to change under different contexts. The approach implies a view of mind in which the union of perception and environment drives conceptualization, forging a web of conceptual relations or “ecology of mind.” |
view references (105) |
Available online 20 February 2007.
Abstract
Despite a strong tradition of viewing coded equivalence as the underlying principle of linguistic semiotics, it lacks the power needed to understand and explain language as an empirical phenomenon characterized by complex dynamics. Applying the biology of cognition to the nature of the human cognitive/linguistic capacity as rooted in the dynamics of reciprocal causality between an organism and the world, we can show language to be connotational rather than denotational. This leaves no room for the various ‘code-models’ of language exploited in traditional linguistics. Bio-cognitive analysis leads to deeper insights into the essence of language as a biologically based, cognitively motivated, circularly organized semiotic activity in a consensual domain of interactions aimed at adapting to, and, ultimately, gaining control of the environment. The understanding that cognition is grounded in the dynamics of biological self-organization fits both the integrational model of communication and distributed cognition. A short discussion of the key notions of representation, sign and signification, interpretation, intentionality, communication, and reciprocal causality is offered, showing that the notion of ‘code’ is only misleadingly applied to natural language.
Keywords: Language; Communication; Sign; Representation; Intentionality; Reciprocal causality
Article Outline
Volume 29, Issue 5, September 2007, Pages 650-671
Cognitive Dynamics in Language
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(URL: http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/) ISSN 1455œ0849 (URL: http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/) Copyright © VTT
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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2001) 24, 939–1031 Printed in the United States of America
... J. Kevin O'Regan Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche
Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France ...
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Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Auditory Display, Montréal, Canada, June
26-29, 2007 ... CONCEPTS OF PERCEPTUAL SIGNIFICANCE FOR COMPOSITION AND REPRODUCTION
OF EXPLORABLE SURROUND SOUND FIELDS. ... Peter Lennox 1 and Tony Myatt 2
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Language is coordination. Pursuing this, the present Special Issue of Pragmatics & Cognition
challenges two widely held positions. First, the papers reject the claim that language is essentially
'symbolic'. Second, they deny that minds (or brains) represent verbal patterns. Rather, ...
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This is a paper about the future of Comparative Psychology. Over the last three decades Comparative
Psychology has struggled with its identity as a psychological sub-discipline and in its relationship
to other fields of psychology (Demarest, 1980, Hodos & Campbell, 1969; Wasserman, ...
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ABSTRACT: This article responds to the continuing obituaries for Comparative Psychology. We
understand the field to be a general psychology, a way of under- standing the origins of all behavior
of all species. We outline a methodological and conceptual foundation for comparative ...
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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2001) 24, 939–1031 Printed in the United States of America
... J. Kevin O'Regan Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche
Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France ...
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Tel. +358 3 3551 6055 Fax +358 3 3551 7685 taju@uta.fi www.uta.fi/taju http://granum.uta.fi
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Introduction The ontology of words is highly variable. Such patterns are spoken, heard, imagined
and, in a sense, 'mirrored' in texts and programs. While moves to naturalize language usually
start with words, ontologically varied entities cannot easily be grounded in either physics ...
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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2001) 24, 939–1031 Printed in the United States of America
... J. Kevin O'Regan Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche
Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France ...
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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2001) 24, 939–1031 Printed in the United States of America
... J. Kevin O'Regan Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche
Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France ...
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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2001) 24, 939–1031 Printed in the United States of America
... J. Kevin O'Regan Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche
Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France ...
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[DOC] What Is Motor Learning?
It is argued, on the basis of organism-environment systems theory, that motor learning
doesn't exist in the sense that it would be learning confined to the motor system only, and that
it could be contrasted to other types of learning. Motor learning means learning of new ...
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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2001) 24, 939–1031 Printed in the United States of America
... J. Kevin O'Regan Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche
Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France ...
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The internalist (computational) account of cognition is questioned and the explanatory power
of the biology of cognition in resolving epistemological issues is emphasized. It is argued
that, far from being an autonomous activity within the brains of cognizers which generates ...
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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2001) 24, 939–1031 Printed in the United States of America
... J. Kevin O'Regan Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche
Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France ...
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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2001) 24, 939–1031 Printed in the United States of America
... J. Kevin O'Regan Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche
Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France ...
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To answer all these questions, philosophical trends developed different point of views and different
conclusions that sometimes resulted in complete discordance with each others, or that instead
of simplifying the understanding of the complex cerebral functioning complicated the ...
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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2001) 24, 939–1031 Printed in the United States of America
... J. Kevin O'Regan Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche
Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France ...
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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2001) 24, 939–1031 Printed in the United States of America
... J. Kevin O'Regan Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche
Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France ...
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BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2001) 24, 939–1031 Printed in the United States of America
... J. Kevin O'Regan Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, Centre National de Recherche
Scientifique, Université René Descartes, 92774 Boulogne Billancourt, France ...
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[CITAS] Feeling as knowing—Part II
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Grasping the affordances, understanding the reasoning. Toward a dialectical theory of human tool use
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GRASPING THE AFFORDANCES, UNDERSTANDING THE REASONING. TOWARDS
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[CITAS] Zasadność i zakres wyróżniania perspektywy pierwszoosobowej w neuronaukach
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Humanistic science, it is argued, is in a state of profound crisis preconditioned by Cartesian dualism
as its foundational methodology. This crisis brings forth a change in the scientific paradigm marked
by the increasing influence of the ideologies of physicalism, biologism and integrationism. ...
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CHAPlTRE 15 Les îlots de vie communauticiels: topologie situationnelle des communautés de
pratique Pierre-Léonard Harvey, Université du Québec à Montréal INTRODUCTION L'objectif
de cet article est de présenter une nouvelle génération d'orien- tations théoriques sur les ...
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